With circular supply chain management, the need arises to measure circularity as well as economic, environmental, and social performance. This places higher demands on performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management. The current paper studies the extent to which performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management can meet these higher demands. To gain this insight, a systematic literature review is conducted. Moreover, existing definitions of circular supply chain management are reviewed and an improved definition of circular supply chain management is developed. The current paper finds, among other things, that the literature on performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management is scarce. Moreover, most of the available performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management have not been tested in practice and are therefore still in an early phase of development. Furthermore, none of the available performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management meet the requirements for effective performance measurement systems. More specifically, including interdependencies between performance measures is a requirement that none of the performance measurement systems for circular supply chain management can meet. Including interdependencies would better support the complex decision making that arises in circular supply chain management and enable one to challenge strategic assumptions about the improvement of circularity, economic, environmental, and social performance in parallel.
Abstract. Unrealized potential of entrepreneurial activities in developing countries has often been attributed to missing formal market-based institutions. In new institutional economics, the concept of 'voids' is suggested as describing an absence of market-based institutions. In reality, however, 'institutional fabrics' are always and necessarily complex and rich in institutions. No societal sphere is institutionally void. In the current article we contribute to existing literature on entrepreneurship and institutional economics s by presenting a framework for studying the richness and complexities of institutional fabrics, as well as ways in which entrepreneurs respond to institutions. Distinguishing four types of institutions relevant for entrepreneurs, we analyze case study data from Ethiopia, and discuss how 'tensions' between potentially incompatible institutions result in behavioral frictions.Some entrepreneurs play the complex institutional environment and benefit from the tensions in it, whereas others may drown into the institutional 'swamp' they face. Policy makers should acknowledge that institutions not only result from formal policy making and that in many cases a 2 diverse set of institutions is needed to facilitate market exchange and solve constraining tensions.The diversity that results from initiatives of institutional entrepreneurs may create a more effective institutional environment for development.
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