Today there exist a wide variety of scientific workflow management systems, each designed to fulfill the needs of a certain scientific community. Unfortunately, once a workflow application has been designed in one particular system it becomes very hard to share it with users working with different systems. Portability of workflows and interoperability between current systems barely exists. In this work, we present the fine-grained interoperability solution proposed in the SHIWA European project that brings together four representative European workflow systems: ASKALON, MOTEUR, WS-PGRADE, and Triana. The proposed interoperability is realised at two levels of abstraction: abstract and concrete. At the abstract level, we propose a generic Interoperable Workflow Intermediate Representation (IWIR) that can be used as a common bridge for translating workflows between different languages independent of the underlying distributed computing infrastructure. At the concrete level, we propose a bundling technique that aggregates the abstract IWIR representation and concrete task representations to enable workflow instantiation, execution and scheduling. We illustrate case studies using two real-workflow applications designed in a native environment and then translated and executed by a foreign workflow system in a foreign distributed computing infrastructure.
We introduce a new Manycore Workflow Runtime Environment (MWRE) to efficiently enact traditional scientific workflows on modern manycore computing architectures. In contrast to existing engines that enact workflows acting as external services, MWRE is compiler-based and translates workflows specified in the XMLbased Interoperable Workflow Intermediate Representation (IWIR) into an equivalent C++-based program. This program efficiently enacts the workflow as a stand-alone executable by means of a new callback mechanism that resolves dependencies, transfers data, and handles composite activities. Experimental results on a number of real-world workflows demonstrate that MWRE clearly outperforms existing Java-based workflow engines designed for distributed (Grid/Cloud) computing infrastructures in terms of enactment time, is generally better than an existing script-based engine for manycore architectures (Swift), and sometimes gets even close to an artificial baseline implementation of the workflows in the standard OpenMP language for shared memory systems.
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Based on the current measures, it is unlikely that the targets of the Paris Agreement on climate change are to be achieved within the given time. Therefore, new solutions are needed to get climate change under control. Emerging technologies like blockchain allow for new ways to approach climate change. The blockchain serves only as an enabling technology for cryptocurrencies but is a stand-alone tool applicable for various purposes. This paper aims to shed light on the overlap between the areas of blockchain and climate change. Research in this area was examined for potential blockchain use cases to support climate action using a systematic literature review. The found applications can be grouped into the main categories of Emissions Trading and Green Certificates, Sustainable Energy, Sustainable Mobility, and Green Financing. Within these applications, blockchains are being used as supporting technology. Especially transparency, traceability, and immutability are particularly beneficial in blockchain-based applications against climate change. As a downside of the technology, controversial aspects of the blockchain are considered as the energy consumption of the technology.
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