This minireview deals with the phenomenon of room-temperature phosphorescence induced by aggregation or crystallisation. Recent achievements, as well as novel classes of these unique luminophores, are put in to focus. In this fashion, different compounds, which reveal delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence upon fixation in a crystal lattice or within aggregates are described. Furthermore, the photophysical properties, the origin of the long-lived triplet states, and the possible applications of these fascinating classes of molecules are also discussed. To conclude, a short overview about the state of art in the field of pure organic phosphors at room temperature is presented.
Versatile photoresponsive gels based on tripodal low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are reported. A cyclohexane‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (CTA) core provides face‐to‐face hydrogen bonding and a planar conformation, inducing the self‐assembly of supramolecular polymers. The CTA core was substituted with three arylazopyrazole (AAP) arms. AAP is a molecular photoswitch that isomerizes reversibly under alternating UV and green light irradiation. The
E
isomer of AAP is planar, favoring the self‐assembly, whereas the
Z
isomer has a twisted structure, leading to a disassembly of the supramolecular polymers. By using tailor‐made molecular design of the tripodal gelator, light‐responsive organogels and hydrogels were obtained. Additionally, in the case of the hydrogels, AAP was coupled to the core through hydrazones, so that the hydrogelator and, hence, the photoresponsive hydrogel could also be assembled and disassembled by using dynamic covalent chemistry.
The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Jun.‐Prof. Dr. Jens Voskuhl [Universität Duisburg‐Essen (UDE), Germany]. The cover image shows deep‐sea frog fishes known to attract their prey by using a light emitting organ. Here we adapted the illustration by adding the corresponding chalcogen as a lantern, shining in the corresponding emission colour as described in the contribution. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.202000002.
In this communication we report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel dianionic compound with aggregation‐induced emission properties. This compound was able to recognize spermine via a multivalent electrostatic interaction leading to a restriction of intramolecular rotation enhancing the fluorescence emission. This recognition was investigated in detail using UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore the binding stoichiometry was determined via isothermal titration calorimetry. Besides that the structure of the compound was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. To proof the bivalent binding a singly negatively charged control compound was synthesized showing no specific interaction with the amines screened. Theoretical calculations were performed to get a deeper insight in the molecular structure and the electronic transitions.
Three different alkyne-terminated aggregation-induced emission molecules based on a para-substituted di-thioether were attached to the surface of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) by copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry). They showed a strong fluorescence and were well water-dispersible, in contrast to the dissolved AIE molecules. The AIE-loaded nanoparticles were not cytotoxic and easily penetrated the membrane of HeLa cells, paving the way for an intracellular application of AIE molecules, e.g., for imaging.
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