TITZE M., BRACHERT M. and KUBIS A. The identification of regional industrial clusters using qualitative input -output analysis (QIOA), Regional Studies. The 'cluster theory' has become one of the main concepts promoting regional competitiveness, innovation, and growth. As most empirical applications focus on measures of concentration of one industrial branch in order to identify regional clusters, the appropriate analysis of specific vertical relations is developing in this discussion. This paper tries to identify interrelated sectors via national input -output tables with the help of minimal flow analysis (MFA). The regionalization of these national industry templates is carried out with the allocation of branch-specific production values on regional employment. As a result, the paper shows concentrations of vertical clusters in only 27 of 439 German Nomenclature des Unités Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)-3 regions. Industry clustersQualitative input -output analysis (QIOA) Vertical Linkages TITZE M., BRACHERT M. et KUBIS A. L'identification des grappes industrielles à partir des tableaux d'échanges inter-industriels qualitatifs, Regional Studies. La 'théorie des grappes' est devenue l'une des principales notions qui prônent la compétitivité, l'innovation et la croissance régionales. Etant donné que la plupart des applications empiriques portent sur la mesure de la concentration d'un secteur industriel afin d'identifier des grappes industrielles, une analyse appropriée des rapports verticaux spécifiques se dével-oppe au sein de ce débat. A partir des tableaux d'échanges inter-industriels nationaux et à l'aide d'une analyse par flux minimaux, l'article cherche à identifier des secteurs étroitement reliés. La régionalisation de ces modèles de l'industrie nationale se fait à partir de l'attribution à l'emploi régional des valeurs de production spécifiques aux secteurs. Par la suite, l'article ne montre des concentrations de grappes verticales que dans 27 des 439 Nomenclatures des Unités Territoriales Statistiques allamendes (NUTS)-à trois régions. Grappes industrielles Analyse des tableaux d'échanges inter-industriels qualitatifsLiens verticaux TITZE M., BRACHERT M. und KUBIS A. Die Identifikation regionaler industrieller Cluster mit Hilfe einer qualitativen InputOutput-Analyse (QIOA), Regional Studies. Das "Cluster-Konzept" hat sich als einer der wichtigsten Ansätze zur Erklärung der regionalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit etabliert. Viele zu dieser Thematik angefertigte Studien bedienen sich bestimmter Konzentrationsmaße zur Identifikation industrieller Cluster. Die aktuelle Diskussion berücksichtigt aber auch Aspekte von regionalen Wertschöpfungsketten. Der vorliegende Beitrag identifiziert verbundene Wirtschaftszweige anhand der nationalen Input -Output-Tabelle mit Hilfe der Minimal Flow Analysis. Die Regionalisierung der ermittelten Strukturen erfolgt durch die Aufteilung der Vorleistungen entsprechend der regionalen Beschäftigtenanteile der jeweiligen Wirtschaftszweige. Im Ergebnis zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass ledigl...

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If regional development agencies assume the cluster concept to be an adequate framework to promote regional growth and competitiveness, it is necessary to identify industrial clusters in a comprehensive manner. Previous studies used a diversity of methods to identify the predominant concentrations of economic activity in one industrial sector in a region. This paper is based on a multidimensional approach developed by Titze et al. With the help of the combination of concentration measures and input-output methods they were able to identify horizontal and vertical dimensions of industrial clusters. This paper aims to refine this approach by using a superior measure of spatial concentration and by integrating information about spatial interdependence of industrial cluster structures to contribute to a more adequate framework for industrial cluster identification. JEL classification: R12, R15, C67

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Abstract:Subsidies for R&D are an important tool of public R&D policy, which motivates extensive scientific analyses and evaluations. The paper adds to this literature by arguing that the effects of R&D subsidies go beyond the extension of organizations' monetary resources invested into R&D. It is argued that collaboration induced by subsidized joint R&D projects yield significant effects that are missed in traditional analyses. An empirical study on the level of German labor market regions substantiates this claim showing that collaborative R&D subsidies impact regions' innovation growth when providing access to related variety and embedding regions into central positions in cross-regional knowledge networks.

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Urban economies are composed of diverse activities, embodied in labor occupations, which depend on one another to produce goods and services. Yet little is known about how the nature and intensity of these interdependences change as cities increase in population size and economic complexity. Understanding the relationship between occupational interdependencies and the number of occupations defining an urban economy is relevant because interdependence within a networked system has implications for system resilience and for how easily can the structure of the network be modified. Here, we represent the interdependencies among occupations in a city as a non-spatial information network, where the strengths of interdependence between pairs of occupations determine the strengths of the links in the network. Using those quantified link strengths we calculate a single metric of interdependence–or connectedness–which is equivalent to the density of a city’s weighted occupational network. We then examine urban systems in six industrialized countries, analyzing how the density of urban occupational networks changes with network size, measured as the number of unique occupations present in an urban workforce. We find that in all six countries, density, or economic interdependence, increases superlinearly with the number of distinct occupations. Because connections among occupations represent flows of information, we provide evidence that connectivity scales superlinearly with network size in information networks.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in On the Stability of Preferences: Repercussions of Entrepreneurship on Risk Attitudes AbstractThe majority of empirical studies make use of the assumption of stable preferences in searching for a relationship between risk attitude and the decision to become and stay an entrepreneur. Yet empirical evidence on this relationship is limited. In this paper, we show that entry into entrepreneurship itself plays a decisive role in shaping risk preferences. We find that becoming self-employed is indeed associated with a relative increase in risk attitudes, an increase that is quantitatively large and significant even after controlling for individual characteristics, different employment status, and duration of entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that studies assuming that risk attitudes are stable over time suffer from reverse causality; risk attitudes do not remain stable over time, and individual preferences change endogenously. Repercussions of Entrepreneurship on Risk Attitudes AbstractThe majority of empirical studies make use of the assumption of stable preferences in searching for a relationship between risk attitude and the decision to become and stay an entrepreneur. Yet empirical evidence on this relationship is limited. In this paper, we show that entry into entrepreneurship itself plays a decisive role in shaping risk preferences. We find that becoming self-employed is indeed associated with a relative increase in risk attitudes, an increase that is quantitatively large and significant even after controlling for individual characteristics, different employment status, and duration of entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that studies assuming that risk attitudes are stable over time suffer from reverse causality; risk attitudes do not remain stable over time, and individual preferences change endogenously.