Most products are developed in generations. This needs to be considered with regard to development methods and processes to make existing knowledge available to achieve increased efficiency. To realize this, the approach of PGE -product generation engineering -is formulated. Product generation engineering is understood as the development of products based on reference products (precursor or competitor products). The subsystems are either adapted to the new product generation by means of carryover or they are newly developed based on shape variation or principle variation. Validation is considered as the central activity in the product engineering process and is a major challenge, especially for complex mechatronic systems. Therefore, it is important to understand validation as an ongoing activity during product development. The pull principle of validation describes the definition and development of validation activities, including models and validation environments based on specific validation objectives. In order to have effectiveness within validation of subsystems, it is necessary to map the interactions with the overall system, namely the super-system. The relevant subsystems can be connected under consideration of functional and energetic aspects by means of virtual, physical or mixed virtual-physical modeling applied by the holistic IPEK-X-in-the-Loop approach within the integrated Product engineering Model (iPeM).
In view of recent developments in fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems, Internet-based geographically distributed test platforms for fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems become a development and validation trend. Due to the involvement of remote connection and the Internet, simulation with connected models can suffer great uncertainty because of packet loss. Such a test platform, including packet loss characteristics, was built using MATLAB/Simulink for use in this paper. The simulation analysis results show that packet loss affects the stability of the whole test system. The impact on vehicle speed is mainly concentrated in the later stage of simulation. Aiming at reducing the effect of packet loss caused by Internet, a robust model predictive compensator was designed. Under this compensator, the stability of the system is greatly improved compared to the system without a compensator. INDEX TERMS Fuel cell electric vehicle, powertrain system, Internet-based distributed test platform, packet loss, robust model prediction compensator.
Validation reveals differences between created objects and their objectives. The increasing number of mechatronic systems drives the interdisciplinary approach of Systems Engineering for product development and thus also validation. Complexity and scale of the individual subsystems of a system may increase to such an extent, that the system can be considered a "System of System" (SoS). These SoS can also be found in validation systems. To establish a common understanding, this contribution describes an approach to transfer Systems-and SoS Engineering to the domain of system validation.
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