The biotensegrity view of the living is a theoretical model and there is no mathematical study in vitro or in vivo that demonstrates its validity, taking into account the presence of liquids (blood, lymph, water), the tension produced by nerves and blood vessels, just as the displacement of the viscera and their resistances and contractions are not taken into consideration. The concept of cellular transduction is reviewed as it is the key to understanding if the passage of different mechanical information occurs only through solid structures, such as the cytoskeleton, or even liquid and viscous. The article focuses on reviewing the weaknesses of the biotensegrity model in the light of new scientific information, trying to coin another term that better reflects the dynamics of living: fascintegrity.
Please confirm the spelling of all authors' names and confirm all earned degrees, affiliations, and disclosures. AU2) Please check whether "Mr." or "Ms." is appropriate in the affiliation and in the footnote for the author Granger. AU3) Please spell out abbreviations "USMLE, CK, ABOS, and AAME" in the text. AU4) Please note that the abbreviation "AOA" has been defined as "Alpha Omega Alpha" and "American Orthopaedic Association" in the document. Please check and correct if necessary. AU5) Please provide the volume number and page range for the reference 20. AU6) Please define abbreviation "CORD" in the Table 1. AU7) Please check the retained captions of Tables 1-5, as there were two different captions provided. AU8) Please define abbreviation "NRMP" in the Table 2.
Throughout the development of anatomy as a scientific study, authors have been challenged to give a singular comprehensive definition of what should be considered as a fascial tissue. Instead, the multiplicity of synthesis and analysis is the true richness of scientific research: individual points of view and background look at the fascia from their own perspective, sometimes influenced by their own cultural assumptions. No person or organization in science ever have the absolute truth, because scientific truth is always evolving, driven by new observations and analysis of data. Only by observing the fascia from multiple perspectives (doctor, surgeon, osteopath, physiotherapist, bioengineer and more) can we define more fully what fascial tissue is. It becomes the synergistic result of several scientific disciplines (anatomy, cardiology, angiology, orthopaedics, osteopathy, cytology, and more). The fascia is not the exclusive domain of a few people or individual private associations, but of all researchers who journey through the study of knowledge and arrive at an understanding, improving the clinical aspects for the good of the patient, without profit. This article reviews the embryological evolution of muscle and connective tissue to affirm how the fascial system should be ideally conceptualized: an absolute anatomic functional continuum.
Isolated operative ankle fractures are a prime target for EOC cost containment strategy protocols. Our institutional cost analysis study suggests that independent financial clinical risk factors in this treatment cohort includes podiatry as the treating surgical service and patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3, with the former also independently increasing total postdischarge costs in the 90-day EOC. Outpatient procedures were associated with about a one-third reduction in total costs compared to the inpatient subgroup.
Evaluation of a patient's joint perception is a valuable tool that should be used to assess function in conjunction with validated clinical functional scores. Our data suggest further improvements in total knee implant design and implantation strategies are necessary.
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