Hyperkalaemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. A good understanding of the physiological basis of management can help us rationalise treatment and reduce plasma potassium levels efficiently and effectively. Management focuses on avoidance of arrythmias, rapid intracellular movement of potassium and finally reduction of total body potassium. Fluid management in hyperkalaemia should be carefully considered, with balanced solutions providing theoretical benefits compared to 0.9% saline in certain situations.
opportunities, including a refresher of the skills of effective bag-valve-mask ventilation, application of defibrillator pads and quality CPR. Reviewing emergency processes such as algorithms and protocols, highlighting situational awareness including bedspace preparation, role allocation and clinical decisionmaking is supported. Furthermore, expertise within the team encourages the staff to explore clinical conditions of patients, giving context to the disease process including support for modified approaches to resuscitation. Increased visibility in the clinical areas, has resulted in increased requests from staff for this training to develop their confidence, supporting the complex and progressive clinical needs of the child requiring a higher dependency.
ResultsConclusions Aside from the earlier escalation and interventions, resulting in a decrease in 2222 calls overall and cardiorespiratory arrests, the positive impact of this additional bedside teaching has been very well received and praised by the staff in clinical areas, especially those caring for complex, high risk patients at the point of care and in context of the specific disease process.
simulation is an emerging tool used to test systems, improve patient safety outcomes and prepare staff working in new clinical environments The aim of the study was to use simulated learning events (SLEs) to assess the effect of a new environment on performance, interpersonal skills and system-based practice. As part of the wider paediatric improvement plan, the simulation programme has been used to enhance teamwork and implement a change to maximize patient safety.Five multi-disciplinary SLEs based on paediatric and neonatal emergencies were held over a month following the opening of the new PAU. The simulations were low fidelity and Ten latent errors were identified pertaining to the availability of equipment and medications; all were rectified within 2 weeks. Operational errors were also identified, including unfamiliarity with the new PAU location within the wider emergency team, leading to delayed attendance to the simulation. The time taken to attend the PAU by the anaesthetic team decreased by 69% once the emergency bleep message was amended with location instructions. We observed that, with each SLE, there were successive improvements in teamwork and operational behaviours. The teams were able to familiarize themselves with each other and the new working environment, consequently leading to reduced times on acquiring equipment for the emergency. There were a total of 20 participants from paediatric, anaesthetic and nursing backgrounds. Feedback was received from 55% of participants, of which all agreed or strongly agreed that the SLEs and debriefs contributed to their learning and helped develop their team-working and leadership skills.SLE is an effective tool for systems testing in a new clinical environment and helps to identify potential critical and non-critical safety risks. We will continue to develop our simulation programme to assess a variety of clinical environments and share learning from the latent strengths and errors with the multi-disciplinary team, to improve clinical processes, team working and patient safety outcomes.
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