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Introduction: There is a high prevalence of burnout among emergency medicine (EM) residents. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) is a widely used tool to measure burnout. The objective of this study was to compare the MBI-HSS and a two-question tool to determine burnout in the EM resident population. Methods: Based on data from the 2017 National Emergency Medicine Resident Wellness Survey study, we determined the correlation between two single-item questions with their respective MBI subscales and the full MBI-HSS. We then compared a 2-Question Summative Score to the full MBI-HSS with respect to primary, more restrictive, and more inclusive definitions of burnout previously reported in the literature. Results: Of 1,522 residents who completed the survey 37.0% reported "I feel burned out from my work," and 47.1% reported "I have become more callous toward people since I took this job" once a week or more (each item >3 on a scale of 0-6). A 2-Question Summative Score totaling >3 correlated most closely with the primary definition of burnout (Spearman's rho 0.65 [95% confidence interval 0.62-0.68]). Using the summative score, 77.7% of residents were identified as burned out, compared to 76.1% using the full MBI-HSS, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.6% and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion: An abbreviated 2-Question Summative Score correlates well with the full MBI-HSS tool in assessing EM resident physician burnout and could be considered a rapid screening tool to identify at-risk residents experiencing burnout. [West J Emerg Med. 2020;21(3)610-617] based on the International Classification of Diseases, 11 th revision (ICD-11), which states that burnout is "a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed" and includes the three dimensions of feeling "energy depletion or exhaustion; increased mental distance from one's job, or feelings of negativism or cynicism related to one's job; and reduced professional efficacy." 5 Because of its significant impact on various facets of healthcare delivery, much interest has been