Aluminum-based metal−organic frameworks (Al-MOFs) have shown promise as commercially valuable materials due to the variety of applications, excellent thermal, hydrothermal, and chemical stabilities, and the abundance of aluminum. In this work, for the first time, we report the solvent-free synthesis of the aluminum trimesate (Al-BTC) MOFs (MIL-100(Al), MIL-96(Al), and MIL-110(Al)) with phase selectivity and high yield. These MOFs were traditionally prepared with HF, HNO 3 , and bulk solvents, but these methods struggled to produce pure-phase isolations. The solvent-free strategy provides valuable insight into the future industrial scale-up production of the Al-MOFs and promotes the potential commercialization of such materials.

Hierarchically porous UiO-66 (HP-UiO-66) with a particle size of ∼5 nm was synthesized without the use of modulating reagents.

possesses ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ), low bulk density (0.53 g cm −3 ), and the lowest negative potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [3] These intriguing advantages make Li metal a promising candidate to be paired with various high-capacity cathodes to generate greater energy than LIBs. [4][5][6] Unfortunately, unveiling the Li anode technology, in reality, is faced with several persistent challenges. The most significant hurdles are the prevalent safety concern and short lifespan caused by the electro-chemo-mechanical instability of Li metal that drives the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites in repeated cyclic processes. [7] The self-amplified Li dendrites may pierce the separator and cause thermal runaway, short-circuiting, or even explosion. [8,9] Meanwhile, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer can be broken by Li dendrites, causing continuous consumption of electrolytes/Li sources and eventually, inferior cycle performance. [10] Suppressing dendrite growth is a critical step before making the Li anode viable in the energy storage market. Extensive efforts have been made toward nanostructure design of Li anodes/current collectors, [11][12][13] or applying artificial SEI layers, [14,15] separator coatings, [16][17][18] solid/gel electrolytes, [19][20][21] electrolyte additives, [22,23] and so on. Among these modifications, solid electrolyte-enabled Li metal batteries (LMBs) are recognized as the ultimate choice because they eliminate the safety hazards resulting from leakage or explosion of organic liquid electrolytes; [24] the high mechanical modulus of solid electrolytes is also expected to alleviate the dendrite proliferation. [25] However, solid electrolytes are plagued by lower ionic conductivity and significantly greater interfacial resistance than liquid electrolytes. [26] Gel electrolytes (GEs) integrating the merits of relatively high ionic conductivity and good interfacial properties are regarded as a competent alternative to conquer the obstacles, and it is anticipated to soon broaden their applications practically. [27,28] For decades, a wide variety of GEs based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), [29,30] polyurethane, [31,32] polyacrylonitrile, [33,34] poly(ethylene oxide), [35,36] and more have been investigated to impart improved ionic conductivity at the order of magnitude close to liquid electrolytes (10 -3 S cm −1 ). However, GEs are less effective to suppress Li dendrites because of their insufficient modulus at the mega-Pascal High-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are a promising high-energydensity energy storage system. However, their practical implementations are impeded by short lifespan due to uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth, narrow electrochemical stability window, and safety concerns of liquid electrolytes. Here, a porous composite aerogel is reported as the gel electrolyte (GE) matrix, made of metal-organic framework (MOF)@bacterial cellulose (BC), to enable long-life LMBs under high voltage. The effective...

The efficient removal of endocrine-disrupting pollutants (EDCs) from water is a crucial issue for improving the quality of drinking water.

No abstract