Design with Nature had a global impact on late twentieth-century landscape architectural practice. This paper looks at both the direct influence of the text and how McHarg's ideas were developed on Waiheke Island New Zealand. The project that we will examine is the Western Waiheke Entrance Landscape (Western Landscape), a 430-ha (1065 ac.) landscape project that is now 30 years old. The project was designed by a New Zealand landscape architect/planner, Dennis Scott [DJScott Associates Ltd (DJSA)] and has been widely deemed as a well-rounded ecological, social and economic success winning the NZILA enduring landscape award in 2017 (NZILA in Showcase: enduring category winner: Waiheke Western Entrance Headland Landscape, D J Scott Associates. https ://nzila .co.nz/showc ase/waihe ke-islan d-weste rn-entra nce-headl and-lands cape, 2017). The DJSA design methodology combines integrated catchment management and a wide range of human activity into an ecologically regenerated landscape. We argue that this approach is a conscious, yet indigenous, development of Ian McHarg's theory and methodology as expounded in the seminal book Design with Nature. These ideas and the consequences for the transformation of an important landscape point to new directions for socio-ecological practice.
This paper discusses the potential of an interdisciplinary design studio to develop innovative thinking in response to the climatic and social challenges facing contemporary waterfront redevelopments. Climate change has a broad and growing range of environmental effects on coastal cities that demand urgent responses. The paper describes the development of a collaborative and interdisciplinary design studio that identified a number of design responses to meet the challenges of climate change. The studio brought together students and lecturers from architecture and landscape architecture along with relevant stakeholders (government agencies, practitioners, community) to collaborate on the redevelopment of the Onehunga Port in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Engagement with mana whenua (the indigenous people of specific areas of Aotearoa New Zealand) was critical. The students worked in teams to conduct critical research and design throughout a masterplanning design process. The outcomes of the studio included openended and propositional designs rather than the conventional masterplans. Students design work addressed complex problems, such as sea-level rise, to develop a more resilient urban future. Beyond the immediate objectives of the studio, the interdisciplinary collaboration demonstrated a range of benefits, including students learning to work in teams, sharing complementary views, broadening perspectives and increasing social awareness.
This chapter discusses how a methodology for the development of a sustainable waterfront might be shaped through an understanding and consideration of environmental remediation technologies. The chapter begins by considering the history of waterfront development in Europe and America and how this model has become codified into a generic real estate process. The author develops a critique of this model from an environmental perspective. The use of sustainability as an ideology to provide a framework for critique but also strategies and techniques for moving towards a new model of waterfront development are explored. The development of a possible hypothesis for the design of a sustainable waterfront is developed, followed by a speculative case study of a waterfront project that explores how the design hypotheses might be tested. The chapter concludes by speculating on the ways in which a study of urban ecology, in particular urban biodiversity, could enhance the finding of the case study towards the development of a waterfront design process that could contribute to the ecological health of the 21st century city.
This chapter discusses how a methodology for the development of a sustainable waterfront might be shaped through an understanding and consideration of environmental remediation technologies. The chapter begins by considering the history of waterfront development in Europe and America and how this model has become codified into a generic real estate process. The author develops a critique of this model from an environmental perspective. The use of sustainability as an ideology to provide a framework for critique but also strategies and techniques for moving towards a new model of waterfront development are explored. The development of a possible hypothesis for the design of a sustainable waterfront is developed, followed by a speculative case study of a waterfront project that explores how the design hypotheses might be tested. The chapter concludes by speculating on the ways in which a study of urban ecology, in particular urban biodiversity, could enhance the finding of the case study towards the development of a waterfront design process that could contribute to the ecological health of the 21st century city.
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