June 2011 6. Permian Basin a. Background. The Permian Basin, located in West Texas (Texas Railroad Districts 8 and 8A) and East New Mexico, is still one of the largest oil producing regions of the world. In 2009, this area with 289 million barrels of oil production (790 thousand barrels per day) ranked first for U.S. oil production. To date, the Permian Basin has produced 32 billion barrels of oil with 4.8 billion barrels of remaining proved reserves. (These values include production and proved reserves from applying CO 2-EOR). Table VI-6.1 provides a tabulation of recent oil production rates for the Permian Basin as well as separately for West Texas and East New Mexico.
Sustainability consider ations have placed increasing emphasis on t he energy efficient operation and control of temperature control systems. It is estimated t hat t he use of advanced control structures could lead to valuable savings in energy expenditure (up to 15-20 %) .This work considers t he problem of developing a model predictive control (NIP C) algorit hm for temperature cont rol in buildings . To this end, a cascade control structure was designed to regulate t he room temperature subj ect to heat load disturbances, such as outdoor condit ions or cha nges in the internal gains (i .e., number of people in a room). The inner loop of t he cascade control structure involved controlling key variables of a vapor compression cycle (VCC), namely the superheat and supply air temperature (from the evaporator), by manipulating t he compressor speed and valve opening (components in the VCC). Linear inputoutput models were appropriately identified for the vee using a detailed first-principles model (adapted from T hermosys) for event ual utilization in a predictive control design .Then, closed loop simulations were performed by interfacing the VCC model wit h EnergyPlus (developed by the U.S . Department of Energy) , which was used to model realistic room temperature behavior. The control performance using a predictive controller (in t he inner loop) was t hen evaluated against PI control.
This
work considers the problem of designing a control law to yield
a desired closed-loop response subject to input constraints and plant-model
mismatch. To this end, a two-tiered model predictive controller is
designed that first computes the best response of a certain desired
form, and then computes the control action to achieve the prescribed
closed–loop response. The key idea is first illustrated in
the absence of plant–model mismatch for a prescribed first-
and second-order response of the controlled variables, and shown using
a simulation example. Subsequently, a formulation is presented to
handle plant–model mismatch. Finally, the proposed formulation
is applied to a chemical process example.
TriControl is a controller working position (CWP) prototype developed by German Aerospace Center (DLR) to enable more natural, efficient, and faster command inputs. The prototype integrates three input modalities: speech recognition, eye tracking, and multi-touch sensing. Air traffic controllers may use all three modalities simultaneously to build commands that will be forwarded to the pilot and to the air traffic management (ATM) system. This paper evaluates possible speed improvements of TriControl compared to conventional systems involving voice transmission and manual data entry. 26 air traffic controllers participated in one of two air traffic control simulation sub-studies, one with each input system. Results show potential of a 15% speed gain for multimodal controller command input in contrast to conventional inputs. Thus, the use and combination of modern human machine interface (HMI) technologies at the CWP can increase controller productivity.
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