The goal of a data manager is to ensure that data is safely stored, adequately described, discoverable and easily accessible. However, to keep pace with the evolution of groundwater studies in the last decade, the associated data and data management requirements have changed significantly. In particular, there is a growing recognition that management questions cannot be adequately answered by single discipline studies. This has led a push towards the paradigm of integrated modeling, where diverse parts of the hydrological cycle and its human connections are included. This chapter describes groundwater data management practices, and reviews the current state of the art with enterprise groundwater database management systems. It also includes discussion on commonly used data management models, detailing typical data management lifecycles. We discuss the growing use of web services and open standards such as GWML and WaterML2.0 to exchange groundwater information and knowledge, and the need for national data networks. We also discuss crossjurisdictional interoperability issues, based on our experience sharing groundwater data across the US/Canadian border. Lastly, we present some future trends relating to groundwater data management.
The Australian Water Resource Assessment (AWRA) modelling system has been in development since 2008 to enable the Bureau of Meteorology to meet its legislated role in providing an annual National Water Account and a regular Australian Water Resource Assessment Report. The system uses available observations and an integrated landscape-groundwater-river water balance model to estimate the stores and fluxes of the water balance required for reporting. AWRA constitutes a unique example of implementing a coupled landscape, groundwater and regulated river system model at a continental scale and rolled out at high priority regions (National Water Account (NWA) regions).The results for AWRA-L (landscape) implementation across 607 gauged catchments show that in both calibration and validation, the model typically provides streamflow predictions that are similar to those from other widely used conceptual hydrological models. The AWRA-R (river) model includes newly developed components for floodplain inundation modelling, accounting for irrigation diversions and groundwater surface water interactions. The results show that the model performs extremely well in majority of the modelling regions and it provides all the water fluxes and stores required for NWA.
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