This paper is an attempt to survey the historical development of existentialist philosophy, meaning of existence, its philosophical premises and perspectives. Further, this also deals with implications of existentialism in selection of aim of education, organization of curriculum, role of teachers and students and school organization.
This paper analyzes the difficulties faced by the students and teachers in online teaching learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning is an alternative platform that replaced to the face-to-face mode of instruction. It refers to instruction that is delivered electronically through various multimedia, internet platforms and applications. This paper is based on mixed-method research design and primary and secondary data sources are used. Primary data were collected from field observation, personal interviews with students, teachers, parents, and focus group discussion. In this process, two secondary schools which were involved in online learning were purposively selected from Lalbandi Municipality of Sarlahi district of Madhesh Pardesh. Secondary data were collected from various sources- journals, Municipal offices, and e-resources. The findings show that online-learning has been felt more reliable mode of instruction during the pandemic situation for students, teachers and parents. However, it faces a lot of problems during operation and it became ineffective as compared to face-to-face mode of instruction. It is mainly due to the lack of electronic devices to support online class, lack of high-speed internet facility, irregular power supply, lack of teacher-students' interaction and ineffective assignment practices. As a result, a large number of students have not participated in online learning. Thus, this paper concludes that a strong institutional support policy among schools and local government requires to mainstreaming students participation in online-class.
: Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.
This paper deals with foundation characteristics of the soils of different parts of Nepal. In this paper, multiple approaches were adopted to explore foundation characteristic s of the soil. In this study 14 sites from different parts of the country were selected; 2 sites from the hilly region, 2 sites from the inner Terai and 10 sites from the Terai. In each site two test sites were selected. In each test site simplified penetration apparatus (SPA) tests were carried out and were accompanied by the auger tests. Soil samples from different depths in each site were collected for the direct shear test, soil classification, LL PL test, density and other tests and these tests were carried out in laboratory. Bearing capacity of the soils thus obtained from the laboratory was compared with the soil types of certain depth and the Nc value at that depth. From the study it was found that the Nc value depends upon the types of the soil and the compactness of the soils. This study showed that Nc value can be converted in to the ultimate bearing capacity by multiplying the obtained Nc value by the factor of 35 within 80% confidence. Resistivity measurements were carried out only to explore the suitability of the sites for the purposed construction of substations in terms of earthing. Resistivity measurement showed that the sites are suitable for the construction of purposed substations.
Nepali abstract on the PDF.Academic Voices Vol.5 2015: 100-104
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