The effect of hot water dipping (HWD) at 40, 44 and 48°C for 6 and 12 min on germination of conidia of brown rot fungus (Monilinia laxa) in vitro and the effect of HWD at 48°C for 6 and 12 min on the fruit quality and development of M. laxa on peach cv. "Roig" and nectarine cv. "Venus" after artificial inoculation in cold storage were studied. Temperature and duration of treatment significantly affected germination of conidia. After HWD at 48°C for 12 min, the lowest germination of conidia (9%) was recorded, which was more than 10 times lower than control (93%). After 3 days from inoculation, there were 80% of inoculated spots with visual symptoms of decay caused by M. laxa on control peaches and 40% of such spots on control nectarines. Successful infections were recorded on only 5% of inoculated spots of nectarine and 10% of inoculated spots of peach after HWD at 48°C for 12 min. HWD at 48°C for 12 min significantly decreased titratable acidity and increased soluble solids concentration/titratable acidity ratio in nectarines. No visual symptoms of heat damage were found on fruits as a consequence of any of the studied treatments. The results show that it is possible to control postharvest brown rot (M. laxa) on peach using HWD at 48°C for 12 min and on nectarine using HWD at 48°C for 6 min without a significant loss of fruit quality.
The quality of maritime education system could be considered as one of the most important pillar for safe and efficient shipping. Particularly vital is the maritime education at the university level and those ensuring seafarers’ top rank qualifications in accordance with the STCW Convention. Generally, the quality of education of the individuals is correlated to the employability and promotion opportunities. In Croatia, maritime education system is well established with a long tradition of education at the university level enabling acquisition of top rank seafarers’ qualifications. This paper presents a survey of the results related to the seafarers’ satisfaction with the quality of maritime education and curricula provided during their education at the maritime higher education institution in Dubrovnik. The research was carried out by interviewing 154 marine engineers with different sea service experience, educational level and rank aiming to obtain their opinions about importance, correlation and connectivity of education to their professional career.
Heat and cooling stands out with the great potential in decarbonisation since they have a large share in the final energy consumption. Power-to-heat technologies may contribute to the heat sector decarbonisation as well as the integration of renewables if they are sufficiently flexible. They are also shown to have a good effect on the system costs. This work will analyse the potential of seawater heat pump system for the utilization of high share of electricity production from the renewables. The Old City of Dubrovnik is selected as a case study because of its specific situation. A large number of the outdoor units are not well approved by UNESCO since the Old City is under the protection of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. The results of the study showed that the combination of wind and solar electricity production can cover 67% of load for stand-alone seawater heat pump system based on hourly time step. Utilization of renewable electricity generation, for this case, resulted in 433.71 tCO2/y emission reduction. System based on 10 minutes time step gave poorer results by 6%. System with the additional energy storage gained best results in the case of combined wind and solar electricity generation, as well. It resulted in storage capacity reduction by 78% according to the case of solar electricity generation and by 60% according to the wind electricity generation. Battery energy storage resulted in 40 times lower volume and 13 times higher investment costs and levelised cost of heat in comparison to the thermal energy storage.
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