Aims: To describe self-care in ostomy patients, to identify socio-demographic and clinical variables associated with self-care and to identify the association between self-care self-efficacy and self-care over and above the variables associated with self-care. Design: Longitudinal and multicentre study. Data were collected between February 2017-May 2018. Methods: In this study, 523 ostomy patients were enrolled at baseline (T0) and 362 were followed-up after 6 months (T1). The Ostomy Self-Care Index was used to measure self-care maintenance, monitoring, management, and self-efficacy. Correlations between self-care dimensions and patient socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were performed with Pearson's or Spearman's correlations. Three separate two-step hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management. Results: Participants' mean age was 69 years (SD 12.4); 63.9% were male and most had enterostomies (38.8% colostomies, 29.3% ileostomies) and permanent ostomies (72.5%). Patients had adequate self-care maintenance and monitoring at T0 and T1, while they had lower self-care management and self-efficacy at baseline. Significant variables associated with better self-care maintenance and self-care monitoring were female gender, more information received during hospitalization and better autonomy in stoma management, while a better level of education was an additional variable associated with self-care monitoring. Self-care self-efficacy produced a significant increase in the explained variance of self-care maintenance and self-care monitoring. None of the selected variables were significantly associated with selfcare management. Conclusion: Middle-high levels of self-care maintenance, monitoring, management, and self-efficacy were found. The variables associated with ostomy self-care and the role of self-care self-efficacy identified in this study can help in developing tailored nursing interventions. | 2983 GIORDANO et Al.
Significance Communicating in ways that motivate engagement in social distancing remains a critical global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested motivational qualities of messages about social distancing (those that promoted choice and agency vs. those that were forceful and shaming) in 25,718 people in 89 countries. The autonomy-supportive message decreased feelings of defying social distancing recommendations relative to the controlling message, and the controlling message increased controlled motivation, a less effective form of motivation, relative to no message. Message type did not impact intentions to socially distance, but people’s existing motivations were related to intentions. Findings were generalizable across a geographically diverse sample and may inform public health communication strategies in this and future global health emergencies.
In the frame of the psychology of sustainability, this research aims at exploring how the related concepts of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience might inform our understanding of the postgraduate outcomes of disabled youth. The number of disabled students is growing steadily, nevertheless, relatively little is known about the employment experiences and skill development of disabled youth. Following the positive primary preventive approach, this explorative research investigates the role of resilience and employability resources both in preventing perceived negative impact of disability on the employment opportunities and promoting the perception of employability. Fifty disabled students responded to an online questionnaire and their responses were compared to those of a nondisabled sample (N = 190). Motivations and meanings associated with entry into the workplace are equivalent in the two groups, but perceived impact of disability is a risk factor that hinders perceived employability. Resilience resources and soft skills show their effectiveness in reducing perceived disability impact and improving perceived employability, but between group comparison shows differences in the set of available resources. Overall, results provide insights for implementing actions to promote sustainable employment in order to foster a positive, sustainable organizational development. Author Contributions: Conceptualization and Methodology: M.E.M. and E.M.; Investigation: E.M.; Formal Analysis: E.M. and M.N.; Writing-Original Draft Preparation and Reviewing: M.E.M. and M.N.; Editing: M.N.; Supervision: M.E.M. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest.
To maintain social distancing in the long term, in the current COVID-19 scenario, people’s motivation must be strong and of high quality. Many governments adopted measures enforcing social distancing. Enforcement, however, can produce feelings of defiance and backfiring effects. The present work aims at investigating the relationship between autonomous motivation and intentions to maintain social distancing, through adherence to recommendations and feelings of defiance. A sample of 502 Italian residents, from different parts of Italy, completed an online survey assessing their present behavior, levels of autonomous motivation and feelings of defiance, as well as intentions to observe social distancing in the short and long term. Results support the hypotheses that autonomous motivation is related to stronger intentions to maintain social distancing, particularly in the long term, and that feelings of defiance mediate this relationship. These results underline importance of promoting understanding and internalizing reasons for social distancing, beyond norms.
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