Martínez-Coronel, M. & M. Pérez-Gutiérrez. 2011. Composición de la dieta de Craugastor lineatus(Anura: Craugastoridae) de Chiapas, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 27(2): 215-230. RESUMEN. Se describen los cambios ontogenéticos y estacionales de la dieta de Craugastor lineatus de Chiapas, México. De 54 contenidos estomacales de nueve juveniles, 38 machos y siete hembras, recuperamos 121 presas que representan 22 categorías de alimento. De estas, arañas, coleópteros, hormigas, isópodos, ortópteros, quilópodos y materia vegetal fueron las más importantes. El tamaño máximo de la presa estuvo relacionado positivamente con el tamaño de la rana, mientras que la relación con el número de presas fue negativa. Asimismo, los juveniles consumieron más coleópteros e isópodos que los adultos, quienes seleccionaron arañas, ortópteros y quilópodos. En la época húmeda encontramos 16 categorías de alimento, de las que ácaros, dípteros, isópteros y lepidópteros fueron exclusivas, mientras que en la época seca fueron 18 categorías, con diplópodos, fásmidos, odonatos, socópteros y seudoescorpiones como exclusivas. Palabras clave: Craugastor lineatus, dieta, cambio ontogenético, cambio estacional, Chiapas. Martínez-Coronel, M. & M. Pérez-Gutiérrez. 2011. Diet composition of Craugastor lineatus (Anura:Craugastoridae) of Chiapas, Mexico. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 27(2): 215-230. ABSTRACT. The ontogenetic and seasonal changes in the diet of Craugastor lineatus from Chiapas, México were described. We obtained 121 prey items from 54 stomachs by dissection, prey and prey parts were counted and identified to ordinal level. Twenty two food categories were identified. Frogs consumed mainly Aranae, Chilopoda, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Orthoptera, and plants, although the representation of each category varied ontogenetically and temporally. The maximum length of the prey items was positively correlated with frog body size; meanwhile, the number of prey items was negatively correlated with frog body size. Juveniles consumed more Coleoptera and Isopoda, while adults captured more Aranae, Orthoptera and Chilopoda. Sixteen items were consumed in wet season, with Diptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera and Acari as exclusive. During the dry season were ingested 18 items, with Phasmatoidea, Odonata, Psocoptera, Diplopoda and Pseudoescorpionida as exclusive.
Resumen: La cueva de "Los Laguitos", localizada cerca de Tuxtla Gutierrez,Chiapas, es por sus condiciones ambientales esta clasificada como una cueva de calor y es habitada por nueve especies de murciélagos, que mantienen una población de más de 100 000 individuos en cualquier época del año. La cueva fue visitada 225 veces durante 14 años, tiempo durante el cual registramos la presencia de seis vertebrados silvestres y uno doméstico, considerados depredadores de murciélagos. Los depredadores que fueron observados siempre fueronTrimorphodon biscutatus y Glaucidium brasilianum, seguidos de Didelphis marsupialis, Felis catus, Boa constrictor, Urocyon cinereoargenteus y Geococcyx velox. De las nueves especies de murciélagos que habitan la cueva, solamente Mormoops megallophylla, Pteronotus davyi, P. parnellii, Artibeus jamaicensis, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae y Natalus mexicanus fueron depredadas, mientras que Balantiopteryx plicata, P. personatus y Glossophaga soricina no lo fueron. De los siete depredadores registrados en la cueva, el gato doméstico puede ser el más dañino para esta comunidad.Palabras clave: depredación, murciélagos, serpientes, aves, mamíferos.Abstract: "Los Laguitos" is a hot cave located near of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. The cave is used as refugee by nine species of bats, with a population greater than 100 000 individuals at any time of year. Seven vertebrate predators that feed on bats were registered in the cave in 225 visits along 14 years. The lyre snake, Trimorphodon biscutatus, and the ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum, were encountered all times. The common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis was the next most observed species followed by, the domestic cat (Felis catus), the boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox). Mormoops megallophylla, Pteronotus davyi, P. parnellii, Artibeus jamaicensis, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Natalus mexicanus were the bat species captured by these predators, while Balantiopteryx plicata, P. personatus and Glossophaga soricina don’t were detected in the carcasses. From the seven vertebrate predators registered in the cave, we consider the domestic cat as the more dangerous for this community to .Key words: predation, bats, snakes, birds, mammals.
Summary This study evaluated and compared the chromosomes of 2 populations of Peromyscus difficilis felipensis which has a broad but discontinuous distribution. One population occurs throughout the central highlands of Mexico, 2000 m above sea level, where the population range extends through the States of Mexico and Morelos; the second population is found in a locality called Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca. The chromosomes were obtained from bone marrow cells, and their classification is described here. The diploid chromosome number (2n) found is 48 and the fundamental number (fn) is 76 for both populations. The principal differences reside in one pair of the morphology of biarmed chromosomes. The chromosomic formula for the population in the States of Mexico and Morelos is 1Mϩ1SMϩ13STϩ8T, and for the population in the southeast of Oaxaca is 2Mϩ13STϩ8T. In both populations, the X chromosome is subtelocentric and the Y chromosome is metacentric. Several comparisons with other subspecies are presented here, as well as the description of a karyotype of Peromyscus difficilis felipensis which is different from other reported subspecies.
RESUMENCon base en ejemplares capturados en la cueva “Los Laguitos”, Chiapas, se da a conocer el primer caso de braquidactilia en un murciélago mexicano, que corresponde a un juvenil de Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. Asimismo, reportamos dos nuevos casos del fenotipo “manchas blancas” en murciélagos mexicanos; uno corresponde a un juvenil de Natalus mexicanus y el otro a una hembra adulta de Mormoops megallophyla. Éstos representan el primer y segundo caso de su especie respectivamente.Palabras clave: Braquidactilia, fenotipo de manchas blancas, hipopigmentación, leucismo, murciélagos tropicales, piebaldismo.ABSTRACTWith specimens captured in the cave “Los Laguitos”, Chiapas, Mexico, here we report the first case of brachydactyly for a Mexican bat, which corresponds to a juvenile of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. Likewise, we report two new cases of the “white spots” phenotype for Mexican bats, one corresponds to a juvenile of Natalus mexicanus and the other to an adult female of Mormoops megallophyla, which represent the first and second cases of their species, respectively.Key words: Brachidactily, hypopigmentation, leucism, piebald, tropical bats, white spots phenotype.
Mexico is one of the richest countries in amphibian species (420 spp.), with a high level of endemism (69%). The order Anura represents the most diverse and widespread of the three extant amphibian orders (257 spp.). The anurofauna of Mexico’s tropical dry forest ecosystem host a high proportion of the species and endemism registered in the country. In terms of conservation, both dry forests and amphibians are at risk due to climate change because it is expected that as the temperature becomes higher and precipitation decreases, this vegetation type may experience water stress. We applied the MaxEnt algorithm to estimate the potential current and future (year 2070) geographic distribution patterns of 95 endemic Mexican anuran species inhabiting the country’s tropical dry forests by considering two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP4.5/RCP8.5) and analyzed the potential distributional pattern changes. The results indicated that overall, species would experience enough of a significant warming effect to cause a reduction in the original distribution area, with 44% of species losing an average of 50% of their original range (9 spp. in threatened category); additionally, 22% of the species in the dry forest ecosystem will experience an average increase of almost 50% in their original area, two species will lose more than 80% of their range, and one will disappear.
En este trabajo se dan a conocer nuevas localidades de registro en el estado de Oaxaca, México, para 3 especies de mamíferos: los murciélagos Natalus mexicanus y Desmodus rotundus, y el oso hormiguero Tamandua mexicana. En todos los casos se refiere a nuevos límites superiores; para la primera especie, se trata del límite superior para México, y para las otras 2, son para toda su área de distribución. En el caso de T. mexicana, es más probable que se refiera a un proceso de colonización, consecuencia del cambio climático, mientras que en el de D. rotundus, parece tratarse de falta de muestreo en la región.
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