Digitization has greatly influenced the functioning of the television industry. This paper analyzes in particular how French television channels have innovated and adapted to digital technologies. We begin with a typology of innovation in the media by drawing a distinction between product innovations and process innovations, as well as between companies according to whether they were the first to adopt an innovation, or only adopted it once it was already well established in the field. A total of 21 criteria for innovation are analyzed for each of the 15 TV channels in our sample. This paper shows that TV channels have varied innovation strategies. Rather than some channels being innovators on all criteria and others being followers on all criteria, we show that channels adopt, more or less rapidly, certain types of innovation according to the channels’ characteristics. The characteristics that play the greatest role are the age of the channel, whether it is public or private, and whether it is general or thematic.
Résumé Cet article analyse comment les chaînes de télévision françaises se sont adaptées aux technologies numériques, en considérant notamment le caractère public ou privé de la chaîne. Le point de départ est une typologie de l'innovation dans les médias qui distingue d'une part innovations de produit et de processus, d'autre part les entreprises selon leur rapidité d'adoption des innovations. 21 critères d'innovation sont analysés pour chacune des 15 chaînes de télévision de notre échantillon. Nous montrons que les chaînes de télévision ont des stratégies différenciées vis-à-vis de l'innovation. Elles adoptent plus ou moins rapidement certains types d'innovation en fonction de leurs caractéristiques (ancienneté, caractère public ou privé, programmation généraliste ou thématique).
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