Abstract. The Réal Collobrier hydrological observatory in south-eastern France, managed by Irstea since 1966, constitutes a benchmark site for regional hydro-climatology. Because of the dense network of stream gauges and rain gauges available, this site provides a unique opportunity to evaluate long-term hydro-meteorological Mediterranean trends. The main catchment (70 km2) and its sub-catchments are located in the Massif des Maures of south-eastern France, close to the Mediterranean coast. The vegetation is composed of forest mainly calcified on crystalline soils (maquis of heath, cork-oak, maritime pine and chestnut). Direct human influence has been negligible over the past 50 years. The land use and land cover has remained almost unchanged, with the notable exception of a wildfire in 1990 that impacted a small sub-catchment. Therefore changes in the hydrological response of the catchments are caused by changes in climate and/or physical conditions. This study investigates changes in observational data using up to 50-year daily series of precipitation and streamflow. The analysis used several climate indices describing distinct modes of variability, at inter-annual and seasonal timescales. Trends were assessed by the Mann–Kendall method. The analysis also used hydrological indices describing drought events based on daily data for a description of low flows, in particular in terms of timing and severity. The analysis shows that there is a marked tendency towards a decrease in the water resources of the Réal Collobrier catchment in response to climate trends, with a consistent increase in drought severity and duration. But the changes are variable among the sub-catchments.
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Abstract. The Réal Collobrier hydrological observatory in southeastern France, managed by Irstea since 1966, constitutes a benchmark site for regional hydro-climatology. Because of the dense network of stream gauges and raingauges available, this site provides a unique opportunity to evaluate long term hydro-meteorological Mediterranean trends. The main catchment (70 km2) and its sub-catchments are located in the Maures massif of Southeastern France, close to the Mediterranean coast. The vegetation is composed of forest mainly calcified on crystalline soils (maquis of heath, cork-oak, maritime pine and chestnut). Direct human influence has been negligible over the past 50 years. The land use/land cover has remained almost unchanged, with the notable exception of a wildfire in 1990 that impacted a small sub-catchment. Therefore changes in the hydrological response of the catchments are caused by changes in climate and/or physical conditions. This study investigates changes in observational data using up to 50-year daily series of precipitation and streamflow. The analysis used several climate indices describing distinct modes of variability, at inter-annual and seasonal time scales. Trends were assessed by the Mann-Kendall method. The analysis also used hydrological indices describing drought events based on daily data for a description of low flows, in particular in terms of timing and severity. The analysis shows that there is a marked tendency towards a decrease in the water resources of the Réal Collobrier catchment in response to climate trends, with a consistent increase in drought severity and duration. But the changes are variable among the sub-catchments.
L'observatoire hydrologique du Réal Collobrier situé dans le sud-est de la France à proximité du littoral méditerranéen (massif des Maures) et géré par Irstea depuis 1966, constitue un site de référence en hydro-climatologie régionale. En raison du réseau dense de mesures des pluies et des débits, ce site offre une occasion unique d'évaluer les tendances hydrométéorologiques méditerranéennes à long terme. La végétation est composée de forêts principalement calcifuges sur des sols cristallins (maquis de bruyère, chêne-liège, pin maritime et châtaignier). L'influence humaine directe a été négligeable au cours des 50 dernières années. L'occupation du sol est demeurée presque inchangée, à l'exception notable d'un incendie de forêt en 1990 qui a touché un petit sous-bassin hydrographique. Par conséquent, les changements dans la réponse hydrologique des bassins versants sont causés par des changements dans les conditions climatiques et/ou physiques. Cette étude examine les changements sur la période d'observation de 50 ans, à l'aide de séries de précipitations et de débits. L'analyse utilise plusieurs indices climatiques décrivant des modes de variabilité distincts, à des échelles de temps interannuelles et saisonnières. Des indices hydrologiques décrivant les épisodes de sécheresse, en particulier en termes de durée et de sévérité sont également utilisés. Les tendances sont évaluées à l'aide du test statistique de Mann-Kendall. L'analyse montre qu'il existe une tendance marquée à la diminution des ressources en eau du bassin versant en réponse aux tendances climatiques, avec une augmentation de la sévérité et de la durée de la sécheresse. Mais les changements sont variables d'un sous-bassin à l'autre en fonction de leur propre fonctionnement hydrologique.
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