BackgroundLeptospirosis in dogs is occasionally associated with a hemorrhagic syndrome, the pathophysiology of which is not fully understood.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo characterize hematologic, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric abnormalities in dogs with leptospirosis and to study their association with hemorrhagic diatheses and outcomes.AnimalsThirty‐five client‐owned dogs.MethodsA prospective observational single cohort study was conducted. Results from the CBC, coagulation tests (prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin times, fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and D‐dimer concentrations), rotational thromboelastometry (TEM), signalment, hemorrhagic diatheses, occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at admission, and survival to discharge were recorded.ResultsThe most common hematologic and hemostatic abnormalities were anemia (30/35), thrombocytopenia (21/35), and hyperfibrinogenemia (15/35). Eight dogs were diagnosed with DIC. A normal TEM profile was found in 14 dogs, a hypercoagulable profile in 14 dogs, and a hypocoagulable profile in 7 dogs. The 8 dogs with hemorrhagic diatheses at admission had significantly decreased platelet counts (P = .037) and increased D‐dimer concentrations (P = .015) compared with other dogs. Dogs with a hypocoagulable profile exhibited more hemorrhagic diatheses compared with the dogs that had normal and hypercoagulable profiles (P = .049). The mortality rate was lower in dogs with a hypercoagulable profile than in those with a hypocoagulable profile (21% vs 57%; P = .043). Disseminated intravascular coagulation was not a significant prognostic factor.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThromboelastometric parameters were altered in dogs with both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable profiles. A hypocoagulable profile was significantly correlated with hemorrhagic diathesis and higher mortality rate.

This study aimed to evaluate the variations of infrared thermography according to rapid hemodynamic changes, by measuring the peripheral skin temperature in a porcine model. Eight healthy piglets were anesthetized and exposed to different levels of arterial pressure. Thermography was performed on the left forelimb to measure carpus and elbow skin temperature and their associated gradient with the core temperature. Changes in skin temperature in response to variations of blood pressure were observed. A negative correlation between arterial pressure and temperature gradients between peripheral and core temperature and a negative correlation between cardiac index and these temperature gradients were observed. Thermography may serve as a tool to detect early changes in peripheral perfusion.

The aim of the study was to explore the correlations between peripheral perfusion, mean arterial pressure and the dose‐rate of norepinephrine (NE) infused for the treatment of septic shock. The study is retrospective analysis of data acquired prospectively on 57 patients during the first 24 hours after the occurrence of the shock. Clinical and haemodynamic characteristics, skin perfusion parameters (capillary refill time [CRT], mottling score and temperature gradients) and the dose rate of NE infusion were collected. Negative correlations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and temperature gradients (core‐to‐toe: P = .03, core‐to‐index: P = .04) were found and abnormal CRT was associated with lower MAP (P = .02). The dose rate of NE was negatively correlated with temperature gradients (core‐to‐toe: P = .02, core‐to‐index: P = .01, forearm‐to‐index: P = .008) in the overall population. In patients receiving NE for at least 12 hours, the NE dose rate positively was correlated with the mottling score (P = .006), temperature gradients (core‐to‐toe: P = .04, forearm‐to‐index: P = .02, core‐to‐index: P = .005) and CRT (P = .001). The dose of NE administrated was associated with 14‐days mortality (odds ration [OR] = 1.21 [1.06‐1.38], P = .006) and with 28‐days mortality (OR = 1.17 [1.01‐1.36], P = 0.04). In conclusion, the study described the presence of correlations between peripheral perfusion and MAP and between peripheral perfusion and the dose rate of NE infusion.