The application of techniques from artificial intelligence (AI) to CALL has commonly been referred to as intelligent CALL (ICALL). ICALL is only slightly older than the CALICO Journal, and this paper looks back at a quarter century of published research mainly in North America and by North American scholars. This 'inventory taking' will provide a basis for establishing the place, context, and direction of ICALL in the CALICO Journal, CALICO organization, and CALL research and development in general. As a point of reference, I will use a list of desiderata for ICALL (Oxford, 1993) from the outside perspective of second language acquisition (SLA).
‘Sometimes maligned for its allegedly behaviorist connotations but critical for success in many fields from music to sport to mathematics and language learning, practice is undergoing something of a revival in the applied linguistics literature’ (Long & Richards 2007, p. xi). This research timeline provides a systematic overview of the contributions of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) to the role, nature, and development of individual practice in language learning. We focus on written language practice in Tutorial CALL, corrective feedback and language awareness-raising in Intelligent CALL (ICALL), and individualization of the learning process through tailoring of learning sequences and contingent guidance.
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