Electric vehicles are important in today’s world to reduce pollution. The demand for electric vehicles is increasing day by day. The major component is the battery for an electric vehicle which gives the power to drive motor and drives the vehicle. Continuous operation of the vehicle causes the battery to heat and while heating there are some flammable gases released which may cause a fire. The heating of batteries reduces the performance of the vehicle and reduces the efficiency, therefore there is a need for cooling techniques to keep the temperature of batteries below the critical temperature for safe operating conditions. The present study emphasizes various cooling techniques used for the battery thermal management system. Cooling improves the performance of the battery and reduces the temperature of the battery. It helps in maintaining the temperature of the battery at the desired level. Before cooling the battery, it is necessary to study the thermal behavior of the battery. Various aspects of the thermal behavior are also reported in the paper and the problems associated with the time required for charging the batteries are also discussed.
The paper deals with the transient numerical analysis of phase change material (Paraffin wax) used for the cooling of seven non-identical protruding discrete heat sources (Aluminium) mounted on a substrate (Bakelite) board under mixed convection. The phase change materials (PCMs) are filled inside the protrude mini-channels (fabricated on the substrate board) and the heat sources are placed on the minichannels.Transient heat transfer analysis is carried out using ANSYS Fluent to predict the temperature distribution of these heat sources. The melt fraction of the Paraffin wax is reported for both the charging (heating) and discharging (cooling) zone with respect to time. The results are validated with the existing numerical models. The study is extended using different PCMs (n-eicosane (T m -36.5°C), paraffin wax (T m -43 to 49.5°C) and RT-54 (T m -54°C)) to study the cooling characteristics of heat sources. It is seen that there is a temperature drop of 3 -6°C for the heat sources using the PCM. Thus it confirms that PCM can be used for better thermal management of heat sources.The study is also extended to determine the volume fraction of PCM inside the mini-channels and is seen that the mini-channels with 100% PCM volume shows the maximum temperature drop from the heat sources.
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