Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, permitindo-se uso para fins comerciais.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, permitindo-se uso para fins comerciais.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, permitindo-se uso para fins comerciais.

Abstract. We report the long-term clinical follow-up of two patients with unresponsive mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from the Três Braços area in Bahia State, Brazil. Both were agricultural male workers with extensive upper respiratory mucosal involvement that was not cured with conventional and experimental therapy.In 1985, we reported two male patients with unresponsive mucosal leishmaniasis who appeared to respond to continuous antimony therapy. 1 At that time, we did not realize how long follow-up was necessary to pronounce clinical cure and both patients subsequently relapsed. In 1986, we reported a recurrence in one of these patients. 2 We now report their long-term follow-up to the end of 1996. Given that a parasitologic cure is difficult to prove and may never occur in some forms of leishmaniasis, 3 response to treatment and relapse were established based on clinical criteria of granuloma activity followed by confirmatory biopsy. All parasite isolations identified by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzyme taxonomy have been Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The last clinical evaluation 1996 showed active mucosal granulomata despite all available treatment. This is the justification for the title of this paper. One of us (PDM) had followed these patients for 18 years. Despite recurrences after treatment, recent granulomata seem less aggressive. Both patients do not have any associated disease or condition such as tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, or blastomycosis, that can explain their peculiar evolution, which we have seen complicating recovery from L. (V.) braziliensis infection in humans. These patients lead normal lives and have growing families. They have spent long periods as hospital inpatients and are not anxious to re-enter the hospital. A brief update of their case histories is given with a tabulated summary of treatment regimens. CASE REPORTSPatient MB (LTB12), a 42-year old man, developed mucosal granulomata at the age of 20. He had no history or sign of a cutaneous lesion. The nose, both palates, and the larynx were affected. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis was isolated from a nasal mucosal lesion and characterized by isoenzymes and monoclonal antibodies in 1984 and has been reisolated seven times during the last 20 years. He always responded well to antimony therapy only to relapse. After our last report, he relapsed two years later and subsequent treatment is detailed in Table 1. In our previous report, he appeared to have responded to 85 days of therapy with sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam; Wellcome, London, United Kingdom) (20 mg/kg/day) in the hospital to the tolerance limit. 1 In 1996, he had active granulomata around the nasal septal perfuration confirmed by histology. He also had gran-*Deceased. uloma on the right inferior turbinate and a immunofluorescent antibody titer of 1:80. In our laboratory, a titer Ͼ 1:20 is regarded as significant. Mucosal surfaces affected over time include the nasal septum, inferior turbinates, hard and soft palates, orophary...

Keeping animals in zoos is important for the preservation of endangered species. However, captive animals can also be affected by different species of parasites. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild and exotic animals from two zoos in the state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil.  Fecal samples were obtained by spontaneous defecation of 287 specimens, grouped into mammals (n = 101), birds (n = 99), and reptiles (n = 87). The samples were assessed using two techniques, Mini-FLOTAC and Ziehl-Neelsen, to identify helminths and protozoa, respectively. In total, 60.2% (173/287) of the animals evaluated were positive for some type of gastrointestinal parasite. Among the classes evaluated, mammals (81.1%; 82/101; p-value <0.0001) were mostly affected, followed by birds (56.6%; 56/99) and reptiles (40.2%; 35/87). Furthermore, our findings showed that the parasites Ancylostomatidae and coccidian oocysts were the most abundant among the species. It is important to highlight the first record of some parasites in species in the South America, such as: Ancylostomatidae in Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos); Toxascaris leonina in Leo (Panthera leo); and Trichostrongyloidea and Ascarididae in Equus quagga burchellii and Lama glama. Taken together, our data showed a high occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in captive animals, including zoonotic species, which may pose a risk to animal and human public health.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.