The objective of the research was to verify the changes in land use and land cover in the area of influence of the São José Hydroelectric Plant, Rio Grande do Sul state, between the years 2007 and 2017, using images of medium spatial resolution. For this, was used images of the TM/Landsat 5 sensor were used for the year 2007 and images the OLI/Landsat 8 sensor for 2017. Classification was supervised using the Battacharyya classifier, with the creation of six land use and land cover classes: Agriculture, Water, Urban Area, Field, Native Forest and Exposed Soil. The image processing and analysis were performed in the SPRING software version 5.4.2. With the results, it was noticed that the most expressive classes of use and land cover in the study area included Agriculture, Field and Exposed Soil, however, they reduced their occupation areas from 75% to 68% of the study area in 2017, while the native forest increased its area comprising 26% in 2017. Thus, it was concluded that with the construction of the São José hydroelectric plant there were environmental impacts in which areas were suppressed due to flooding, however, native forest areas increased after the installation hydroelectric plant.
The implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) on properties that have family farming is an alternative to diversify land use, to acquire more than one production good, and diversify income generation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the financial viability and quantify the volume of the forest component in an SPS with a spacing of 3.0 m x 20.0 m for multiple uses, carried out at 4 years of age for a 16-year rotation. For the analysis of financial viability, we used project analysis criteria such as: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for a 16-year horizon with rate benchmarks interest rate of 3%, 4.5% and 10%. Based on the financial analysis criteria, the tree component of the system is viable, as it presented an NPV greater than zero, IRR exceeding the minimum attractiveness rate and BCR greater than 1 for all rates analyzed. The estimated production of the forest component was 257.28 m3/ha in 16 years. Thus, it can be concluded that the forest component in the arrangement of 3.0 m x 20.0 m at 16 years of age, provides a financial return for the small rural property. Therefore, it is a system that brings several economic and environmental advantages, optimizing the use of land, diversifying the production of the small property, generating income, bringing benefits to the reduction of methane gas (CH4) emissions, and assists in carbon sequestration (CO2).
ResumoConforme o crescimento da população humana vem se intensificando, aumenta também o desmatamento das áreas de florestas nativas. Um dos biomas brasileiros mais degradados é a Mata Atlântica, que após intensa ação do homem se tornou altamente fragmentado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da resolução espacial de imagens orbitais na detecção automática de fragmentos florestais na sub-bacia do arroio Segredo, situada dentro do bioma Mata Atlântica. Assim, foram utilizados os sistemas sensores RapidEye/REIS, Sentinel-2A, Landsat8/OLI e Modis/TERRA, com resoluções espaciais de 5 m, 10 m, 30 m e de 250 m, respectivamente. As imagens foram processadas realizando o mapeamento do uso e cobertura da terra por meio da classificação supervisionada utilizando o algoritmo Bhattacharya 99,9%, de acordo com sete classes temáticas: Água,
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