Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides and is marked by a strong predilection for men; nevertheless, some women have had developed PCM and have presented oral involvement by the disease. Objectives: To review all published cases until August 2020 of oral PCM in women, with emphasis on the presence of systemic changes, deleterious habits (tobacco and alcohol) and oral manifestation features through a systematic review. Methods: Observational studies (both prospective and retrospective) and case reports indexed in the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and LIVIVO databases were selected by two reviewers in a two‐phase process following the pre‐established PICOS criteria. Results: Twenty‐five studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis, of which 72 participants were enrolled. Brazilian White women between 40 and 50 years were the most affected and social history revealed them to be housewives or rural workers. Fifteen women (33.3% of the informed cases) presented any systemic change at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely pregnancy, HIV infection and/or depression. Moriform stomatitis was predominant and affected preferentially the gingivae and alveolar processes in the form of a single painful lesion. Most patients were treated with sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim or itraconazole. Conclusions: Oral PCM in women is rare; some cases showed systemic changes at the time of PCM diagnosis, namely HIV infection, pregnancy and depression. New studies should be conducted to elucidate the influence of systemic alterations on the development of oral PCM in women.
Leukoplakia is considered the most common and prevalent cancerous lesion in the oral mucosa, occurring preferentially in the male gender and age groups above 40 years of age. The etiology of this injury is not known, however, some factors are related to its pathogenesis, such as: smoking, alcohol, local chronic irritant modifiers (prostheses or poorly positioned teeth causing trauma), radiation UV light and microorganisms. Among the factors mentioned, one should pay attention to smoking, being strongly related as an etiological agent, because 80% of oral leukoplakia cases occur in smokers. The etiology of cancerous lesions is not well defined. Some risk factors such as alcohol and smoking or chewing tobacco play an important role in development of these lesions. The delay in the diagnosis made by the professional of health and the exposure of individuals to risk factors, such as smoking, alcoholism, genetic inheritance, viral infections, and excessive radiation exposure allow the malignant transformation, worsening the patient's prognosis. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of injuries potentially malignant in patients assisted in outpatient clinics belonging to a Hospital in Alfenas, MG.
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