The objective of this study was to characterize and analyse the charcoal produced for domestic use in the municipality of Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil. To this end, 15 samples were strategically collected from 5 different locations, and the moisture, fixed carbon, volatile material, ash content, calorific value and relative density of the samples were analysed in the laboratory. The charcoal commercialized in the municipality had mean values of 10.8% moisture, 74.12% fixed carbon, 22.77% volatile material, 3.10% ash, an apparent density of 335 g/cm 3 , and a calorific value of 30.15 kJ/kg. Although these values are broadly consistent with those presented in the literature for charcoal obtained from Amazonian species, the products are not recommended for the use for which they are produced. Factors such as packaging, storage and material heterogeneity should be routinely inspected during the charcoal manufacturing process and its subsequent commercialization.
Wood is subject to degradation by biological agents. Therefore, studies are necessary to ensure its appropriate use, avoid economic losses. The objective of this study was to assess the natural resistance of Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata), yellow ipe (Handroanthus serratifolius) and tauari (Couratari sp.) woods exposed under laboratory conditions to Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus, which causes white rot. The decay test was conducted according to the method defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the intensity of biodeterioration was determined by mass loss of the three test woods and one control wood, pumpwood (Cecropia sp.), which has low natural resistance. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) were used in the analysis of results. The wood species were classified as highly resistant and resistant to P. sanguineus. Yellow ipe was the most resistant species to fungus attack, whereas tauari was the most susceptible.
Ao longo do tempo o carvão tem sido um importante insumo para geração de energia, sendo utilizado para fins básicos como cocção de alimentos e contribuindo até para o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Deste modo, este trabalho analisou a concentração regional da produção de carvão vegetal no estado do Pará. Os dados para a análise foram obtidos no Sistema de Recuperação de Dados (SIDRA) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no período de 1990 a 2017. Os indicadores utilizados foram a Razão de Concentração [CR(k)], o Índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (IHH), o índice de entropia de Theil (E) e o Índice de Gini (G). Os principais resultados mostram que as mesorregiões da Sudeste e Nordeste do Pará concentram a maior parte da produção de carvão vegetal. O CR(k) tanto para os municípios quanto para as microrregiões apresentaram concentração extrema; o IHH e E mostraram tendências de concentração apresentando mercados monopolizados; o G mostrou que a desigualdade tende de muito forte a absoluta para os municípios e na maioria do período para as mesorregiões e microrregiões, salvo o ano de 2004. Nesse sentido, infere-se que a concentração da produção do carvão vegetal nos níveis regionais é concentrada na sCua totalidade
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