The adoption of decentralized sewage treatment systems appears as an alternative for regions lacking sanitary infrastructure. Regarding Brazilian municipalities, they presented, in 2020, a sewage collection service rate for the urban population equal to 63.2%. Also, according to data from the National Sanitation Information System, in the municipality of Aracaju, capital of the state of Sergipe, the rate of collection of generated sewage is only 53.5%. Due this reality, investment in individual effluent treatment systems becomes a valuable alternative for areas that lack of sanitary infrastructure. In this work, the performance of domestic sewage treatment systems, used as individual treatment solutions in two multifamily condominiums in the capital of Sergipe, was evaluated. Physical-chemical monitoring of the individual sewage treatment systems was carried out, and the results indicated negative efficiencies in most of the analyzed parameters. As for the requirements of the current environmental legislation for the release of effluents, there was non-compliance with the legislation in almost all the time of observation. The lack of systems operation supervision by public agencies leads to failures that cause degradation of groundwater and surface water. Moreover, there is a lack of commitment to inspections and maintenance of the systems by those responsible for the condominiums. According to the types of solutions adopted, treated sewage with higher quality should be achieved and, thus, effluents with high loads of pollutants would not be released into water bodies.
One of the biggest impacts on the country's water resources is the discharge of raw wastewater into rivers, which can be minimized with wastewater treatment. In this work, both the treatment systems performance used in four Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), which treat the domestic wastewater of Aracaju, and the compliance with the requirements of the current environmental legislation for the release of effluents were evaluated. To do so, physical-chemical, and bacteriological monitoring bulletins of the WWTPs were evaluated through the period of 1 year and 3 months. The WWTPs almost fully complied with all the conditions set out in the legislation for the parameters analyzed. Data analysis showed, in general, a better quality of the effluent from WWTP Orlando Dantas, with pollutant removal efficiencies very close to those found in the literature. However, the other stations, WWTP ERQ Norte, WWTP ERQ Sul and WWTP ERQ Leste, even fulfilling the legislation almost throughout all the studied period, achieved performance below expectations, due to the type of treatment technology adopted. With the evaluation of the results and the operating and maintenance conditions of the stations, it was concluded that there is a need to allocate resources for investments in a greater frequency of laboratory analysis and in the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure of the WWTPs. Furthermore, continuously training professionals involved in the operation of the systems will increase the performance of wastewater treatment structures. Consequently, there will have the improvement in the quality indices of treated wastewater, reduction of pollution and public health problems.
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