Several insect pests are related to the cultivation of conilon coffee, Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae), including (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Coccoids damage plants by sucking their sap, producing honeydew, and transmitting viruses. Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies that regulate the insect population and can be used in mealybug biological control. This study aimed to survey scale insects and natural enemies associated with C. canephora in the city of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two species of mealybugs from the family Coccidae and three from the family Pseudococcidae were collected in different plant structures. Natural enemies collected comprised hymenopteran parasitoids from the families Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, and Perilampidae; predator beetles of the family Coccinellidae; dipterans from the family Cecidomyiidae; and thrips of the family Aeolothripidae. This is the first report of the mealybug species Coccus brasiliensis, Pseudococcus longispinus, and Pseudococcus cryptus; of the parasitoids Coccophagus rusti, Aprostocetus sp., Aenasius advena, Aenasius fusciventris, Aenasius pseudococci, and Perilampus sp.; and of the predators Cycloneda conjugata, Pseudoazya nana, Diadiplosis coccidivora, Diadiplosis sp., and Franklinothrips vespiformis, associated with C. canephora. Knowledge of mealybug species and their respective natural enemies will contribute to biological control strategies in planning the integrated management of mealybugs associated with conilon coffee.
Survey of hymenoptera parasitoids of pink-hibiscus-mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) infesting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was conducted in two municipalities of state of São Paulo, Brazil from August 2016 to August 2017. Nine species of chalcidoid wasps were obtained: Anagyrus kamali Moursi (1948); Anagyrus sp. aff. mirtesae Noyes and Menezes (2000); Anagyrus sp.; Bothriocraera bicolor Compere and Zinna (1955); Cheiloneurus sp., Gyranusoidea deionae Noyes (2000); Prochiloneurus sp. (Encyrtidae); Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae); and Chartocerus sp. (Signiphoridae). Anagyrus kamali and G. deionae were the most frequent species, corresponding to 67.26% and 22.62% of the parasitoids, respectively. Bothriocraera bicolor, Chartocerus and G. deionae are recorded for the first time associated with M. hirsutus. Gyranusoidea deionae and B. bicolor are recorded for the first time in Brazil. The seasonal study of M. hirsutus and its parasitoids was carried out in January to December 2017on 16 hibiscus plants, aligned in the hedge in the experimental area of the FCAV/UNESP in Jaboticabal, SP. For this purpose, ovisacs, nymphs and adults of mealybug were counting on infested plants and the adult parasitoids collected in Möerick traps. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was observed during the periods of January-March and October-December, with the highest infestation in January and February. In the traps, a total of 92 specimens of pink-mealybug parasitoids were obtained: 65% belonging to A. kamali and 35% to G. deionae.
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