Although postoperative septic arthritis is rare after ACL reconstruction, it carries a high morbidity that results in poor clinical outcome. Despite low incidence, it is important to recognize that infection and treat it without delay because of devastating consequences, such as loss of hyaline cartilage and arthrofibrosis, in order to avoid osteoarthritis development and near full range of motion achieved. Herein we discuss the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment protocols and complications of septic knee arthritis after ACL reconstruction.
The treatment of patients with calcific tendonitis is typically conservative, including physical therapy, iontophoresis, deep friction, local or systemic application of noninflammatory drugs, needle irrigation-aspiration of calcium deposit, and subacromial bursal steroid injection. If the pain becomes chronic or intermittent after several months of conservative treatment, arthroscopic and open procedures are available to curette the calcium deposit, and additional subacromial decompression can be performed if necessary. As an alternative, minimally invasive extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been postulated to be an effective treatment option for treating calcific tendinitis of the shoulder, before surgery. Herein we discuss the indications, mechanism of therapeutic effect, efficacy of treatment, and complications after ESWT application.
The objective of our literature review was to inform orthopaedic nurses about the complications of clavicular fracture, which are easily misdiagnosed. For this purpose, we searched MEDLINE (1965-2005) using the key words clavicle, fracture, and complications. Fractures of the clavicle are usually thought to be easily managed by symptomatic treatment in a broad arm sling. However, it is well recognized that not all clavicular fractures have a good outcome. Displaced or comminuted clavicle fractures are associated with complications such as subclavian vessels injury, hemopneumothorax, brachial plexus paresis, nonunion, malunion, posttraumatic arthritis, refracture, and other complications related to osteosynthesis. Herein, we describe what the orthopaedic nurse should know about the complications of clavicular fractures.
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