Many of those who will read these pages are fully aware of Professor Marek Stachowski’s scholarly achievements up to the present. How versatile and appreciated an author he has been is illustrated quite perfectly by the table of contents of the present tome. Indeed, Professor Stachowski is commonly regarded as a Turkologist whose varied academic career has been marked by a consistent approach to linguistic analysis: utilising historical-linguistic and philological methods while at the same time paying special attention to the historical background, cultural context, chronology, and the geography of linguistic contacts. Certainly, Marek Stachowski has helped broaden our knowledge of the history of Turkic languages and improve the methodology bequeathed to us by earlier generations. Additionally, however, thanks to his broad interdisciplinary approach – combining the experience and knowledge of a Turkologist with, primarily, the expertise of Uralists, Slavicists, Arabists, Iranists, Mongolists, and specialists in Yeniseic, Carpathian and Balkan studies – Marek Stachowski has been able to address issues lying beyond his main field of expertise. In fact, during his career he has highlighted just how relevant Turkology is to these research areas and, just as importantly, how much Turkology has been enriched by them. Thus, it would perhaps not be amiss to say that the central theme of his work has been its wide-ranging, multifaceted outlook.
Artykuł ma charakter eksploracyjny i ma na celu ustalenie stopnia realizacji cech dialektalnych w stylizowanej wersji regionalnej odmiany języka polskiego. Przedmiotem badania są trzy tradycyjne cechy gwary podhalańskiej, które odróżniają ją od standardowej odmiany języka polskiego: rozwój tzw. samogłosek ścieśnionych, podniesienie artykulacji samogłosek przed spółgłoską nosową oraz archaizm podhalański. Za materiał posłużyły nagrania wybranych fragmentów Historii filozofii po góralsku ks. Józefa Tischnera dokonane przez niego samego. Nagrania poddano analizie akustycznej w celu zmierzenia wartości dwóch pierwszych formantów badanych samogłosek. Na podstawie pomiarów sporządzono wykresy samogłosek, według których przeprowadzono analizę wybranych cech. Badanie prowadzi do wniosków, iż nie wszystkie tradycyjne cechy gwarowe są konsekwentnie realizowane w nagraniach i w większości przypadków jest to wpływ systemu standardowego. ABSTRACT The current study is exploratory in character and aims to investigate the extent to which dialectal features are present in a stylised version of a regional variety of Polish. The focus is on three traditional features of Podhale Goralian that make it markedly different from Standard Polish: the treatment of Middle Polish raised vowels ė ȧ ȯ, prenasal raising and the Podhale archaism. The material analysed comprises a selection of recordings of Józef Tischner’s Historii filozofii po góralsku [A Goral History of Philosophy] performed by himself. The recordings were subjected to acoustic analysis to obtain values of the first two formants of the relevant vowels. An analysis was then conducted with the help of vowel plots created on the basis of the measurements. The conclusions indicate that the traditional features of Podhale Goralian are not always consistently realized in the recordings, which in the majority of cases may be attributed to the influence of Standard Polish.
The present article discusses three hypotheses that have been suggested to explain the etymological background of the English word cassock and its Romance sources, It. casacca and Fr. casaque, interpreting them alternatively (a) as a diminutive of Lat. casa; (b) as ultimately related to the word for ‘Cossack’ (≪ Tkc. ḳazaḳ ‘vagabond’), with the alleged semantic change ‘Cossack’ > ‘a kind of garment worn by Cossacks’; or (c) as a distortion of (or a back-formation from) MFr. gasygan, itself borrowed from Persian. The collected material allows to conclude that the three hypotheses do not provide an adequate explanation of the origin of the word. A modified variant of the third proposal is suggested in section 6.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s accent is often used as an illustration of the elite pronunciation heard among the north-eastern US upper classes until roughly the mid 20th century. Known under several names and often considered a mixture of British and American features, this variety is frequently identified with the American Theatre Standard, a norm popularized by acting schools in the early 20th century. Working on the assumption that Roosevelt is an exemplar of the north-eastern standard, the aim of the current study is a preliminary acoustic exploration of his accent with the aim of assessing the plausibility of such comparisons, focusing on the dress, trap, bath, start and lot vowels. Density plots created based on F1 and F2 measured in eight radio speeches were used to examine the relative position of these vowels in the vowel space. Linear mixed-effects regression was then used to model F1 and F2 in selected pairs of vowels to determine whether the differences along the two formant dimensions are significant. The results confirm a conclusion reached in an earlier auditory study (Brandenburg, Braden 1952) according to which Roosevelt’s bath was variable between [æ] and a lower and retracted [a], a vowel quality found in Eastern New England and in American Theatre Pronunciation. At the same time, a merged start/lot vowel in Roosevelt’s speech makes it unjustified to fully identify his accent with the latter variety.
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