The occurrence of skin lesions is the earliest symptom of Lyme disease, and the diagnosis of these lesions and appropriate treatment may prevent complications of the disease, which are mainly neurological. The cutaneous presentation in borreliosis is heterogeneous. There are typical lesions that constitute the basis for the diagnosis of Lyme disease, and atypical ones, which cause significant diagnostic difficulties especially when the patient does not remember the tick bite. This study aims to describe the heterogeneous skin symptoms of Lyme borreliosis, as well as offer a practical approach for the recognition of the disease. Based on pediatric cases from clinical practice, rare cutaneous presentations of Lyme disease at various stages of illness and therapy are presented. Diagnostic recommendations for recognizing individual forms are discussed.
Neuroborreliosis is a form of Lyme Borreliosis (LB) that affects various structures of the central and peripheral nervous system. Although most cases of LB can be cured with a course of antibiotics, some children can present prolonged symptoms, which may constitute post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). The aim of our analysis was the long-term observation of children with NB and the determination of their risk of PTLDS. The clinical observation was supplemented by a laboratory study based on the assessment of the dynamics of anti-VlsE (variable major protein-like sequence, expressed) IgG antibodies in children with NB after antibiotic therapy. The prospective survey based on 40 children presented 1–2 forms of NB. The control group consisted of 36 patients with analogical symptoms for whom LB was excluded. Our long-term observation showed a low risk of developing long-term complications in children who received antibiotic therapy in accordance with the recommendations. The concentration of anti-VlsE IgG demonstrates a statistical significance for differences between the control and the study groups for each measurement period. Higher values of anti-VlsE IgG were observed in the study group, and the concentration decreased from the first measurement period to the next. The article emphasizes the importance of the long-term follow-up of children with neuroborreliosis.
Introduction. The observed intensive quantitative growth of aesthetic medicine clinics on the market may lead to a lowering of the general price level, although nowadays the high quality of services is a factor that determines the choice of a surgery more often than a low price.Aim. Estimate of average prices of selected facial aesthetic medicine’s procedures in Poland in 2019.Material and Methods. 7 types of facial aesthetic medicine treatments with the use of botulinum toxin or fillers that were used in 112 clinics located in Poland in 2019 were taken for the analysis.Results. The highest prices for wrinkle reduction with botulinum toxin were in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship and the lowest in the Podlasie Voivodeship. Treatments with the use of fillers cost the least in Kuyavian-Pomeranian, and the most in Mazowieckie. The most expensive treatment among the examined was the correction of the shape of the lips - 910 PLN and the cheapest was the reduction of wrinkles around the eyes - 460 PLN.Discussion. Higher prices than average can be expected in provincial cities. This is often dictated by the level of service innovation and / or patient wealth. Sometimes offering lower prices than the average can be an effective way to attract customers.Results. Treatments with the use of fillers are more expensive than those with the use of botulinum toxin by almost half. Most surgeries offer services in the field of facial aesthetic medicine using botulinum toxin and / or fillers at comparable prices.
The regularity of visits to the dentist is one of the key elements in the broadly understood prevention of oral health. 18% of the surveyed group of 163 residents of Poznan and the surrounding area did not take any visits to the dentist during the past 12 months. Studies have shown that with the increase in the level of education reduces the share of people who quit their visits to the dentist at least once a year. The residents of Poznan and the surrounding area much more care about the regularity of visits to the dentist of their children, rather than on his own. Among the reasons for not treating are listed a lack of cash, long waiting times, the fear and waiting for disappearance of disease's symptoms, which is also confirmed by the results of surveys other authors. Keywords: dental checkup visits, dental treatment need, frequency of dental visits, dental care, dental fear, dental visiting habits, health education. STRESZCZENIE Regularność wizyt w gabinecie stomatologicznym jest jednym z kluczowych elementów w szeroko rozumianej profilaktyce zdrowia jamy ustnej. W grupie 163 mieszkańców Poznania i okolic, w której przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe, 18% respondentów nie odbyło żadnej wizyty u lekarza stomatologa w okresie minionych 12 miesięcy. Badania wykazały, iż wraz ze wzrostem poziomu wykształcenia zmniejsza się udział osób rezygnujących z wizyt u lekarza dentysty przynajmniej raz w roku. Okazuje się, że mieszkańcy Poznania i okolic zdecydowanie bardziej dbają o regularność wizyt w gabinecie stomatologicznym swoich dzieci, aniżeli o swoją. Wśród przyczyn niepodejmowania leczenia wskazuje się brak środków pieniężnych, długi czas oczekiwania na wizytę, strach oraz oczekiwania na ustąpienie objawów choroby, co potwierdzają również wyniki badań innych autorów.
Introduction. There is an increase in the popularity of aesthetic treatment among increasingly younger groups of people, which also includes medical students. Their decisions are often dictated by their own acquired knowledge in this area of expertise.Aim. To estimate the number and determine the age threshold for the use of cosmetology and facial aesthetic medicine among Polish and English-speaking students.Material and Methods. The statistical analysis included 240 questionnaires (175 females and 65 males) addressed to Polish and English-speaking students in 3rd, 4th, and 5th year studies within the field of dentistry at the Medical University of Poznań in 2019 and 2020. The Pearson chi-squared test was performed to determine the significance of this test (p < 0.05).Results. Most of the respondents (89%) confirm that they use necessary facial aesthetic and cosmetology treatments. Moreover, the number of opposing respondents decreases within the next year of dental education. The respondents indicated that the treatments should be started at the age of 25–30 or 30–35. About 82% of Polish-speaking students and 75% of English-speaking students have not used these types of treatments thus far. Conclusions. The level of acquired medical and dental knowledge influences the tendency of students to undergo facial aesthetic and cosmetic treatments.
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