Motivation: Nowadays, economic patriotism is the current social trend affecting a number of aspects related to the economy, the functioning of enterprises and consumers in the conditions of market competition. Companies wishing to maximize their profits and at the same time remain in positive relationships with their customers should pay special attention to the factors that determine the decision-making of young consumers in the selection of goods and services. Aim: The study pays special attention to current situations related to the internationalization of enterprises operating on the Polish market. The main aim of the analysis is to show a number of determinants influencing the manifestations of economic patriotism among adults up to 35 years of age, which if well understood, will allow entrepreneurs to increase the effectiveness of their managed institutions, as well as the analysis of positive and negative market behavior related to economic patriotism. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this study, own research was conducted, which brings a new approach to the discussed issue, showing the attitudes of young consumers consistent with the idea of economic patriotism. Results: People under the age of 35 show a high awareness of economic patriotism and are consumers with a high degree of ethnocentrism. For further effective development of attitudes related to economic patriotism and, above all, their practical realization, a broad initiative is necessary from top-down undertakings on the part of the government, through schools and universities to grassroots social initiatives and realization of the idea of economic patriotism by the individual.
Many factors currently contribute to the high average annual cost of managing hazardous waste from the pharmaceutical group. The environmental costs of their presence in ecosystems are also rising. Consumers as integral market participants, through their attitudes, fit into the process of widely understood waste management for medicinal purposes. Description presents the essence and the most important determinants related to domestic waste of this group. The desk research method was used and a questionnaire survey was carried out on consumer attitudes towards domestic waste for medicinal purposes.
The main theme undertaken in this paper is the assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate lending. The main objective of the article is to analyze the qualitative and quantitative changes in the level of corporate lending in Poland. The author focuses, on the one hand, on the ability of firms to incur liabilities and, on the other hand, on the changes in bank lending rules over the course of a changing economic reality burdened by the crisis caused by the pandemic. The individual analyses also show a broader comparative context by referring to statistical data before the onset of the virus crisis. In the case under review, uncertainty about the health of the MSP sector during the crisis weighed on the tightening of credit policy. An increase in demand for bank financing in the pandemic period was reported by both large companies and micro enterprises. However, only in the case of the former did the availability of loans increase. As a result, the gap between the availability of bank loans to large firms and the MSP sector widened.
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