Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, immunologically mediated disease which involves skin and joints. Psoriasis is commonly connected with numerous other diseases such as liver diseases, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. Interestingly, comorbidities of psoriasis are an attention-grabbing issue. Additionally, it can cause impairment of quality of life and may be associated with depressive disorders. Altered levels of ceramides in psoriatic skin may lead to anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative states, consequently leading to an over-proliferation of keratinocytes and the development of skin lesions. The pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities is not fully understood yet. Sphingolipids (including ceramides) and their disturbed metabolism may be the link between psoriasis and its comorbidities. Overall, the goal of this review was to discuss the role of sphingolipid disturbances in psoriasis and its comorbidities. We searched the PubMed database for relevant articles published before the beginning of May 2022. The systematic review included 65 eligible original articles.
Psoriasis is a chronic, systematic, inflammatory disease in which multiple metabolic and immunologic disturbances lead to lipid abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and numerous metabolic disorders. In clinical practice, the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of lipid abnormalities are statins and fibrates. Statins are characterized by pleiotropic effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antiproliferative. They work by reducing the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque. Fibrates are medications, which help to lower triglycerides, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increase lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In recent years, many new drugs were found to normalize the lipid profile in patients with psoriasis: glitazones (pioglitazone, troglitazone), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Pioglitazone improves the lipid profile, including the decrease of triglycerides, fatty acids, and LDL, as well as the increase of HDL. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs decrease modestly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of knowledge on the effect of different hypolipidemic treatments on the course of psoriasis. The study includes literature from medical databases PubMed and Google Scholar. We were browsing PubMed and Google Scholar until the beginning of December. The systematic review includes 41 eligible original articles.
Psoriasis is a chronic, systematic, inflammatory disease in which, multiple metabolic and immunologic disturbances lead to lipid abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and numerous metabolic disorders. In clinical practice, the most commonly used drugs in treatment of lipid abnormalities are statins and fibrates. Statins are characterized by pleiotropic effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiproliferative. They work by reducing concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and stabilize atherosclerotic plaque. Fibrates are medications, which help to lower triglycerides, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increase lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In recent years, many new drugs were found to normalize lipid profile in patients with psoriasis: glitazones (pioglitazone, troglitazone), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Pioglitazone improves lipid profile including decrease of triglicerydes, fatty acids, LDL, and increase of HDL.Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues decrease modestlylow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglycerides. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of knowledge on the effect of different hypolipemic treatments on the course of psoriasis. The study includes literature from medical databases: Pubmed and Google Scholar. We were browsing the PubMed and Google Scholar untill the beginning of December. The systematic review includes 41 eligible original articles.
Psoriasis is a complex chronic immunologically mediated disease that may involve skin, nails, and joints. It is characterized by hyperproliferation, deregulated differentiation, and impaired apoptosis of keratinocytes. Sphingolipids, namely ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine, sphingomyelin, and sphinganine-1-phosphate, are signal molecules that may regulate cell growth, immune reactions, and apoptosis. Fifteen patients with psoriasis and seventeen healthy persons were enrolled in the study. Skin samples were taken from psoriatic lesions and non-lesional areas. Tissue concentration of ceramides, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine, sphingomyelin, and sphinganine-1-phosphate was measured by liquid chromatography. We assessed that all levels of ceramides, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine, sphingomyelin, and sphinganine-1-phosphate were higher in lesioned psoriatic skin than in non-affected skin. The profile of bioactive lipids in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis differed significantly from non-involved psoriatic skin and skin in healthy subjects.
Psoriasis is complexed, chronic, immunologically mediated disease, which involves skin and joints. Psoriasis is commonly connected with numerous other diseases such as liver diseases, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease. Interestingly, comorbidities of psoriasis are attention-grabbing issue, additionally it can cause impairment of quality of life and may be associated with depressive disorders. Altered levels of ceramides in psoriatic skin, may lead to an anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative states, consequently conducting to over-proliferation of keratinocytes and the development of skin lesions. Pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities is not fully understood yet. Sphingolipids, including ceramides, and their disturbed metabolism, may be the link between psoriasis and its comorbidities. Overall, the goal of this review was to discuss the role of sphingolipid disturbances in psoriasis and its comorbidities. PubMed was searched from February to the beginning of the May 2022. The systematic review included 73 eligible original articles.
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