BACKGROUND: In late 2019, a novel coronavirus was detected in Wuhan, China that caused a pandemic by September 2021, resulting in 224,180,411 cases and more than 4,600,000 deaths worldwide. In response to the pandemic, the Autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG) imposed strict infection control measures at its borders for all travelers from neighboring countries, wherein each traveler was subjected to a mandatory Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test on arrival to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected travelers. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of infection with SARS-CoV-2 among the travelers entering Kurdistan region through Ibrahim Al-Khalil crossing point with Turkey as a predictor for the upcoming infection waves. METHODS: The data of RT-PCR tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 in all travelers arriving at the Ibrahim Al-Khalil Border Crossing between Iraq and the Republic of Turkey was reviewed from 21st August 2020 to 21st August 2021. RESULTS: It was found that there were 9,873 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections among 1,082,074 travelers during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the importance of mass testing of travelers at border crossings to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Leptin, which is adipocytes, secreted of the hormone, over food intake regulation, energy expenditure has also an important role in acting as neuroendocrine hormone, and metabolic function.it is interested in glucose metabolism and interacts with insulin metabolism. In addition to distrusting metabolism, leptin also impairs endocrine, immune functions, reproductive function, adipose tissue metabolism and energy order. Leptin also exerts peripheral effects directly on glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis. it is obvious that leptin deficiency or leptin resistance is responsible for obesity which is also correlated with body fat stores, here we have to refer that is the obesity is one of the most causes of diabetes also it leads to insulin resistance. In these studies, we will focus on the relationship between leptin and diabetes mellitus type 2 and insulin resistance with obesity. In this study, we will focus on the relationship between the leptin hormone and obesity with diabetes.
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