This study describes the characteristics of the cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS), a northerly flow that appears intermittently over the equatorial region between October and April, and its relationship to the precipitation patterns over the Maritime Continent. The CENS in this study was defined as the area-averaged northerly wind exceeding 5 m s À1 over 105 E-115 E, 5 S-EQ based on the QuikSCAT sea surface wind data. During the 10 winters from December 2000 to March 2009, 62 CENS events were extracted and classified into the following patterns: 11 events were associated with cold surges and termed the CS pattern; 20 events were associated with tropical intra-seasonal variations and termed the MJO pattern; 16 events were associated with both cold surges and tropical intra-seasonal variations and termed the CS-MJO pattern; and other 15 events were not associated with these patterns. In the CS pattern, the development and dissipation processes of the cold surge appeared, and the increased precipitation to the north of the island of Java was significant. In the MJO pattern, a wide area of northerly winds in the vicinity of the depression around 10 S continued for a longer period than in the CS pattern, and the increased precipitation west of Sumatra and south of Java was significant. The CS-MJO pattern showed features of the northerly wind fields of both the CS and MJO patterns and was associated with the greatest increase in precipitation of the three patterns in the Maritime Continent, in particular, in northwestern Java and both north and south of Java. The generation of CENS was an important environmental factor for inducing the wide positive precipitation anomaly compared to the climatological mean over the Maritime Continent.

An extreme precipitation/flood event that occurred in the Indo nesian capital of Jakarta on Java Island in the middle of January 2013 coincided with an active phase of the MaddenJulian Oscil lation (MJO) with the enhanced convective phase centered on the western Pacific. Analysis of upperair sounding data showed that strong to moderate upper westerly to northwesterly winds persist ed over the island prior to and during the heavy rain event, which were caused by the active phase of the MJO, while northwesterly winds occurred near the surface. Meteorological radar observa tions indicated regular genesis of convection at night over the sea to the northwest of the island, and southeastward propagation over the island from the nighttime to early morning. The movement of the precipitation systems was dominated by the upper north westerly winds. The results suggest that the eastward propagation of an active phase of the MJO exerted a strong influence on the formation of extreme heavy rain over western Java Island.

a-Glucosidase 1 of Bacillus thermoamyloliquefaciens KPI 071 (FERM P8477, facultative thermophile) was purified to homogeneity. The relative molecular mass was estimated to be 62000 Da. From its catalytic properties, the enzyme has been assigned to an exo-a-1 ,4-glucosidase. The enzyme shares its antigenic groups in part with Bacillus stearotherrnophilus ATCC12016 (obligate thermophilc) exoa-1 ,4-glucosidase.These exo-a-1 ,4-glucosidases strikingly resemble oligo-l,6-glucosidases from B. thermoamyloliquefuciens KP1071 and from Bacillus cereus ATCC7064 in the molecular properties tested, including rclative molecular mass, N-terminal sequence of 15 residues, amino acid composition and structural parameters calculated from amino acid composition. We have suggested that bacillary exo-a-l,4-glucosidases take the same folded conformation, i.e. an (a/fl)8-barrel super-secondary structure in its N-terminal domain, as bacillary oligo-I ,6-glucosidases.A p-nitrophenyl-a-D-glucopyranosidase from Bacillus stemothcrmophilus ATCCl2016 (obligate thermophile) had been assigned to a novel exo-a-1,4-glucosidase [l]. However, no enzyme of similar function was found in othcr bacteria. Bacillus thrrmotrmyloIiquefuciens KP1071 (FERM P8477, facultative thermophile) produces a series of thermostable enzymes responsible for the complete hydrolysis of amylopectin, pullulan and cyclodextrin [2]. Of these enzymes, a maltotriogenic a-amylase I, a maltogenic a-amylase I1 capable of hydrolyzing a-1,6-bonds in amylopectin and of cleaving cyclodextrin rings, and an oligo-2,6-glucosidase have already been characterized [3 -51. However, serologically distinct a-glucosidases I, I1 and I11 at least remained to be isolated. In the present study, we have purified a-glucosidase 1 to homogeneity and assigned it to an exo-a-1,4-glucosidase. We have found a striking similarity of bacillary exo-a-l,4-glucosidases to bacillary oligo-I ,6-glucosidases in the N-terminal sequence and in structural parameters derived from the amino acid compositi on.

This paper presents an overview of the HARIMAU2010 campaign focusing on convective activity with the diurnal rainfall meridional march (DRMM) over Jakarta, which is located on the northern coast of Jawa Island of the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), based on 1-month intensive observations by a C-band Doppler radar and multi-point atmospheric sounding array conducted during 16 January-14 February 2010. The campaign period corresponded to a phase after large-scale Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) active convections passed over Jakarta (MJO inactive phase). The cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) intruded into the Jawa Sea with a cold tongue (CT) of sea surface temperature (SST) in the beginning of the period (CENS active period: 16-26 January), and then, it started to retreat (transition period: 27 January-05 February); afterward, only a few signs of it were apparent (CENS inactive period: 06-14 February). The observational results showed that (1) rainfall over Jakarta has the nature of DRMM during the MJO inactive phase at least, (2) the DRMM is likely driven primarily by "land-breeze"-like local meridional circulation, and (3) the meridional spatiotemporal variation of rainfall over Jakarta is thus controlled by activities of both the CENS and CT over the Jawa Sea.

For algebro-geometric study of J-stability, a variant of K-stability, we prove a decomposition formula of non-archimedean J -energy of n-dimensional varieties into n-dimensional intersection numbers rather than (n + 1)-dimensional ones, and show the equivalence of slope J H -(semi)stability and J H -(semi)stability for surfaces when H is pseudoeffective. Among other applications, we also give a purely algebro-geometric proof of a uniform K-stability of minimal surfaces due to [23], and provides examples which are J-stable (resp., K-stable) but not uniformly J-stable (resp., uniformly K-stable).