<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urbanization has given a massive pace in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes in rapidly growing cities like Khulna, i.e. the third largest city of Bangladesh. Such impacting changes have taken place in over-decadal scale. It is important because detailed analysis with regularly monitoring will be fruitful to drag the attention of decision maker and urban planner for sustainable development and to overcome the problem of urban sprawl. In this present study, changes in LULC as an impact of urbanization, have been investigated for years 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017; using three generation of Landsat data in geographic information system (GIS) domain which has the height competence in recent time. Initially, LULC have categorised into Built-up, Vegetation, Vacant Land, and Waterbody with the help of supervised classification technique. Field work had been carried out for acquiring training dataset and validation. The accuracy has been achieved more than 85% for the changes assessed. Analysis has an outlet with increase in built-up area by 27.92% in year 1997 to 2017 and continued respectively in each successive interval of half a decade at the given years. On the other side waterbody and vacant land decreased correspondingly. Bound to mention, instead to having largest temporal durability, the moderate spatial resolution of Landsat data has a limitation for such urban studies. These changes are responsible by both of natural or anthropogenic factors. Such study will provide a better way out of optimization of land-use to prepare detail area plan (DAP) of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) and Khulna development authority (KDA).</p>
The study of several soil series of Tista Floodplain soils were carried out to find the changing trend of nutrients status from 1996 to 2016. The studied values of different soil quality variables were changed likewise pH 5.87 ± 0.47 to 5.95 ± 0.33, organic matter 1.37 ± 0.31% to 1.47 ± 0.41%, ,total nitrogen 0.49 ± 0.13 cmol/kg to 0.64 ± 0.07 cmol/kg , phosphorous 0.10 ± 0.04 cmol/kg to 3.19 ± Hassan et al.; ARJA, 5(3): 1-9, 2017; Article no.ARJA.34365 2 0.34 cmol/kg, potassium 0.31 ± 0.29 cmol/kg to 2.93 ± 0.26 cmol/kg, sulfur 0.19 ± 0.05 cmol/kg to 8.66 ± 2.74 cmol/kg, iron 1.09 ± 0.46 cmol/kg to 2.07 ± 0.99 cmol/kg, manganese 0.10 ± 0.02 cmol/kg to 0.31 ± 0.30 cmol/kg, copper 0.03± 0.01 cmol/kg to 0.02 ± 0.01 cmol/kg, zinc 0.01 ± 4.8E-20 cmol/kg to 0.01 ± 0.01 cmol/kg in 1996 and 2016 respectively. Almost all variables changed over significantly at 5% (P < 0.05) level except pH, organic matter, total Nitrogen and Copper content whose were not significant at 5% (P < 0.05) level not even 10% (P < 0.10) level. The increasing trends of total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Iron were positively correlated from 1996 to 2016 than other variables. The copper and zinc content did not showing any effective change over these 20 years. The overall nutrients were adequate except organic matter and total nitrogen content. But, the trends had positive direction of all nutrients due to application of organic and inorganic fertilizer that might be correlated with increasing concern about nutrients management concept among the farmer.
Original Research Article
Jamuna River is one of the principal rivers of Bangladesh, changing continuously due to erosion and accretion over the past decades. This analysis evaluates the East Bank and the West Bank erosion and accretion between 1996 and 2015 for Jamuna River. An unsupervised classification algorithm and post-classification change employing skills in Geographic Information System are performed to evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of erosion and accretion for different points of Jamuna River using Bangladesh. Landsat image (1995, 2005, 2015). The correctness of the Landsat-produced map ranges from 82% to 84%. It has been evidently observed that changes in the proportion of erosion and accretion differ in different points of Jamuna River. The highest eroded area is 3.82 square kilometers (km
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