Abstract. The Web is moving from being a collection of pages toward a collection of services that interoperate through the Internet. The first step toward this interoperation is the location of other services that can help toward the solution of a problem. In this paper we claim that location of web services should be based on the semantic match between a declarative description of the service being sought, and a description of the service being offered. Furthermore, we claim that this match is outside the representation capabilities of registries such as UDDI and languages such as WSDL. We propose a solution based on DAML-S, a DAML-based language for service description, and we show how service capabilities are presented in the Profile section of a DAML-S description and how a semantic match between advertisements and requests is performed.

Abstract. Service interface description languages such as WSDL, and related standards, are evolving rapidly to provide a foundation for interoperation between Web services. At the same time, Semantic Web service technologies, such as the Ontology Web Language for Services (OWL-S), are developing the means by which services can be given richer semantic specifications. Richer semantics can enable fuller, more flexible automation of service provision and use, and support the construction of more powerful tools and methodologies. Both sets of technologies can benefit from complementary uses and crossfertilization of ideas. This paper shows how to use OWL-S in conjunction with Web service standards, and explains and illustrates the value added by the semantics expressed in OWL-S.

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Current industry standards for describing Web Services focus on ensuring interoperability across diverse platforms, but do not provide a good foundation for automating the use of Web Services. Representational techniques being developed for the Semantic Web can be used to augment these standards. The resulting Web Service specifications enable the development of software programs that can interpret descriptions World Wide

Abstract. In this paper we present DAML-S, a DAML+OIL ontology for describing the properties and capabilities of Web Services. Web Services -Web-accessible programs and devices -are garnering a great deal of interest from industry, and standards are emerging for low-level descriptions of Web Services. DAML-S complements this effort by providing Web Service descriptions at the application layer, describing what a service can do, and not just how it does it. In this paper we describe three aspects of our ontology: the service profile, the process model, and the service grounding. The paper focuses on the grounding, which connects our ontology with low-level XML-based descriptions of Web Services.

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Abstract. The web is moving from being a collection of pages toward a collection of services that interoperate through the Internet. A fundamental step toward this interoperation is the ability of automatically locating services on the bases of the functionalities that they provide. Such a functionality would allow services to locate each other and automatically interoperate. Location of web services is inherently a semantic problem, because it has to abstract from the superficial differences between representations of the services provided, and the services requested to recognize semantic similarities between the two. Current Web Services technology based on UDDI and WSDL does not make any use of semantic information and therefore fails to address the problem of matching between capabilities of services and allowing service location on the bases of what functionalities are sought, failing therefore to address the problem of locating web services. Nevertheless, previous work within DAML-S, a DAML-based language for service description, shows how ontological information collected through the semantic web can be used to match service capabilities. This work expands on previous work by showing how DAML-S Service Profiles, that describe service capabilities within DAML-S, can be mapped into UDDI records providing therefore a way to record semantic information within UDDI records. Furthermore we show how this encoded information can be used within the UDDI registry to perform semantic matching.

E d it o r s : Fr é d é r ic Th ie s s e • fr e der i c .t hie s se @uni sg.c h Fl o r i a n M ic h a h e ll e s • fmi c ha he l le s@et hz .c h The advancement of ubiquitous computing technologies, 1 such as wireless networks and mobile devices, has greatly increased the availability of digital information and services in our daily lives and changed how we access and use them. Another technology that extends digital resources to the real world is the Internet of Things, 2 which connects such resources with everyday objects by augmenting the latter with RFID or Near Field Communication (NFC) tags. 3 This way, real-world objects get digital identities and can then be integrated into a network and associated with digital information or services. These objects can facilitate access to digital resources and support interaction with them -for example, through mobile devices that feature technologies for discovering, capturing, and using information from tagged objects.Physical mobile interaction (PMI) 4,5 takes advantage of mobile devices that physically interact with tagged objects to facilitate interaction with associated information and services. Simply by touching or pointing at objects, users can interact with them -for example, touching NFC tags or taking pictures of visual markers with their mobile phones. Due to its increased simplicity and directness, physical interaction can make mobile interaction with "people, places, and things" 6 more convenient and intuitive. Tagged objects can serve as physical user interfacesThe advancement of ubiquitous computing technologies has greatly improved the availability of digital resources in the real world. Here, the authors investigate mobile interaction with tagged, everyday objects and associated information that's based on the Internet of Things and its technologies. Their framework for integrating Web services and mobile interaction with physical objects relies on information typing to increase interoperability. Two prototypes for mobile interaction with smart posters build upon this framework to realize multi-tag interaction with physical user interfaces. The authors' evaluation identifies usability issues regarding the design of physical mobile interactions, interfaces, and applications. An increasing number of applications are adopting mobile interaction with tagged objects for service discovery and invocation, information retrieval, ticketing, or mobile payment. Tagging technologies' advancement and increasing dissemination have facilitated a movement from the original, simple interactions with single tags to more complex multitag interaction (MTI) 7,8 with multiple tags and objects (Figure 1), shifting interaction's focus from mobile devices to tagged objects serving as physical user interfaces, respectively.To leverage mobile interaction with physical objects and digital resources from, for example, the Internet of Things, the Pervasive Service Interaction (Perci) project (see www.hcilab.org/ projects/perci) has examined different aspects of PMI. It ha...