The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically changed the way of living of billions of people in a very short time frame. In this paper, we evaluate the impact on the Internet latency caused by the increased amount of human activities that are carried out on-line. The study focuses on Italy, which experienced significant restrictions imposed by local authorities, but results about Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and the whole of Europe are also included. The analysis of a large set of measurements shows that the impact on the network can be significant, especially in terms of increased variability of latency. In Italy we observed that the standard deviation of the average additional delay – the additional time with respect to the minimum delay of the paths in the region – during lockdown is times as much as the value before the pandemic. Similarly, in Italy, packet loss is times as much as before the pandemic. The impact is not negligible also for the other countries and for the whole of Europe, but with different levels and distinct patterns.
The vast majority of studies on IP geolocation focuses on localizing the end-users, and little attention has been devoted to localizing the elements of the Internet infrastructure, i.e., the routers and servers that make the Internet work. In this paper, we study the maximum theoretical accuracy that can be achieved by a geolocation approach aimed at geolocating the Internet infrastructure. In particular, we study the effects on localization accuracy produced by the position of landmarks and by the strategy followed for their enrollment. We compare two main approaches: the first is more centralized and controlled, and uses well-connected machines belonging to the infrastructure as landmarks; the second is more distributed and scalable and is based on landmarks positioned at the edge of the network. The study is based on an extensive set of measurements collected using the RIPE Atlas platform. The results show that the uniform and widespread diffusion of landmarks can be as important as their measurement accuracy. The study is carried out at both the worldwide and regional scale, including regions that were scarcely observed in the past. The results highlight that the geographical characteristics of the Internet paths are dependent on the considered region, thus suggesting the use of specifically calibrated models. Finally, the study shows that geolocating IP infrastructure with active measurements is feasible in terms of precision and scalability of the overall system.INDEX TERMS Internet, IP geolocation, network topology, wide area networks.
Abstract. We present a system, called TPLAY, for the visualization of the traceroutes performed by the Internet probes deployed by active measurement projects. These traceroutes are continuously executed towards selected Internet targets. TPLAY allows to look at traceroutes at different abstraction levels and to animate the evolution of traceroutes during a selected time interval. The system has been extensively tested on traceroutes performed by RIPE Atlas [22] Internet probes.
Several projects deploy probes in the Internet. Probes are systems that continuously perform traceroutes and other networking measurements (e.g., ping) towards selected targets. Measurements can be stored and analyzed to gain knowledge on several aspects of the Internet, but making sense of such data requires suitable methods and tools for exploration and visualization. We present Radian, a tool that allows to visualize traceroute paths at different levels of detail and to animate their evolution during a selected time interval. We also describe extensive tests of the tool using traceroutes performed by RIPE Atlas Internet probes.
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