Continuous economic growth and the rise in energy consumption are linked with environmental pollution. Demand for health care expenditure increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is interesting in modeling the nexus between public and private health expenditure, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. To this end, the present study analyzed the nexus between public and private health care expenditure, economic growth, and environmental pollution for 36 Asian countries for the period 1991–2017. FMOLS, GMM, and quantile regression analysis confirm the EKC hypothesis in Asia. Besides, FMOLS and quantile regressions reached the reducing effects of government and private health expenditures on CO
2
emissions. While quantile regression results show that public and private health expenditures can mitigate CO
2
emissions; however, these results differ for various levels of CO
2
. Findings of quantile regression show a significant impact of both public and private health expenditures in reducing CO
2
at the 50
th
and 75
th
quantiles but results are insignificant for the 25
th
quantile. Overall, the paper concludes that both government and private health sectors’ expenditures caused CO
2
emissions to decrease in Asia and that the negative impact of the private health sector on CO
2
emissions is greater than that of the government health sector. The concluding remark is that the higher the health spending, the higher the environmental quality will be in Asia. Hence, the health administrators need to increase public and private health expenditures with an effective cost-service and energy-efficient management approach to reach sustainable health services and a sustainable environment in Asia.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-13639-6.
Immigrant women's labour market participation remains a long standing concern in the context of developed countries. Bangladeshi women are persistently reported to be one of the lowest participant groups in formal labour market in the UK. Where there is plethora of research to point out this fact, hardly any persuasive explanation is offered to unfold the phenomenon. The intrinsic bond between the rhetoric of citizenship and identities as immigrant is blurred in the surge of literatures. In this milieu, present chapter contributes to develop the understanding of the complex notion of citizenship and its implication in labour market participation, broadly on immigrant women and narrowly on Bangladeshi immigrant women. It reveals how ‘identity shaped by citizenship discourse' influences one of the important indicators of economic empowerment - market participation.
Using dynamic panel data models, this paper studies the determinants of Mexico's bilateral trade balance with 39 trade partners from 1990 to 2016. The literature points to income and real exchange rate as key independent Artículo de investigación
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