BACKGROUND: Considering the high prevalence rate of congenital hypothyroidism CH in Iran, an epidemiological study in each region would be helpful in understanding the etiology of the disorder and providing preventative strategies in this field. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CH in different cities of the Isfahan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted among 918 primarily diagnosed CH neonates, who have been identified through the neonatal screening program from 2009 to 2015. At the age of ≥3 years, treatment was discontinued for 4 weeks, and T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured. Permanent (PCH) or transient (TCH) was determined from the results of the thyroid function tests. RESULTS: From 389,101 screened neonates, 918 were diagnosed with primary CH. The overall prevalence rate of CH was 2.36 in 1000 live birth (ranged 1.58–7.22 in 1000 live birth in different cities). The highest prevalence rate of CH was reported in Ardestan, Khansar, Golpaygan, and Nain cities with prevalence rate of 4.86–7.22 in 1000 live birth and lowest prevalence occurring in Fereydan, Shahreza, Isfahan, and Mobarakeh cities with prevalence rate of 1.58–1.89 in 1000 live birth. In 392 cases which reached to 3 years of age, the rate of TCH was 47.45%. In Chadegan, Natanz, Fereydunshahr, Shahinshahr, Najafabad, Dehaghan, Borkhar, and Mobarakeh, the prevalence of PCH was <50%. CONCLUSION: The current findings indicate that the incidence rate of both PCH and TCH are high in Isfahan province with significant variability in different cities which could be due to the role of different genetic, prenatal, and different environmental factors. These epidemiological data could be used as baseline date to design more etiological studies.
Introduction Evidence suggests that sex partner meeting places may be important locales to access men who have sex with men (MSM) to implement targeted HIV control strategies. Little is known about how patterns of these places have changed over time and whether there are new and emerging meeting places. Methods The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the frequency of report of MSM sex partner meeting places over time, 2) to compare frequently reported meeting places over a five year period and in the past year, and 3) in a subset analysis, compare distributions of mean HIV viral loads, as a proxy for HIV transmission risk, of reported meeting places among newly HIV diagnosed MSM in Baltimore City, Maryland. Results 869 sex partner meeting places were reported, including 306 unique places. Internet-based sites (38%) and bars/clubs (31%) were the most frequently reported meeting place typologies. Over the five year period there was variability in the frequencies of reports of meeting place typologies over time. Background Key drivers for STI transmission are the number of sexual partners and their timing. Concurrent partnerships are a known risk factor but non-overlapping (serially monogamous) partnerships may be biologically concurrent for some STIs where infectious periods extend across the 'gap'. We examine recent partnership histories among people aged 16-44y in Britain and how they relate to reported STI diagnoses. Methods Analyses of data collected for Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, a probability survey undertaken 2010-2012 with 9,902 people aged 16-44y. Computer-assisted self-interviews included questions about participants' 3 most recent partners and STI diagnosis history. Gaps between partners were calculated from the dates of most recent sex with a former partner and first sex with the next partner. Results Over 90% of men and women reported >=1 partners in the past 5y, of whom, 51.2% (men) and 42.5% (women) reported >=2 partners during this time and so had had >=1 gaps (total: 7, 724 gaps). The median gap was 2 months (IQR:-3 to 8 months) with two-thirds of all gaps >=1 month denoting serial monogamy. One-quarter (95% CI: 23.8%-26.2%) of all gaps were 0-3 months, while 21.8% (95% CI: 20.7%-22.9%) were >=12 months. In multivariable analyses which adjusted for total partner numbers (past 5y), reported STI diagnoses (past 5y) were as common among participants whose recent partners had been concurrent as serially monogamous participants where the gap was < = 4 months among men: 10.3% (95% CI: 7.6%-13.9%) vs. 11.3% (95% CI: 8.9%-14.3%), and < = 12 months among women: 12.3% (95% CI: 9.2%-16.3%) vs. 11.5% (95% CI: 9.7%-13.6%). Conclusion While people in Britain have few partners on average and the majority with multiple partners are serially monogamous, the gap between partners is often shorter than the infectious period of common STIs and so effectively biologically concurrent. STI prevention efforts need to address this and should encourage STI testing prior to u...
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