Peucedanum aucheri Boiss. (Apiaceae) is a herbaceous wild plant native to Iran and is used in Iranian folk medicine as a diuretic and for the treatment of kidney disorders. Phytochemical investigation of different extracts prepared from the aerial part of P. aucheri Boiss. resulted to the isolation of two main flavonol glycosides from methanolic extract. Using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, chemical structure of isolated compounds were determined as kaempfrol-3-o-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) and isorhamnetin-3-o-rutinoside (narcissin). Although narcissin has previously been isolated from P. ruthenicum, to the best of our knowledge, isolation of nicotiflorin from Peucedanum genus is reported for the first time.
The extract of Urtica dioica, in some especial doses reversed the PTU-induced T 3 diminution. The results show that it might be effective in hypothyroidism disease.Please cite this paper as: Abdolhosseinipoor F, Sadeghi-Dinani M, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. The effects of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract on the propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in rat. Introduction:Hypothyroidism is an important endocrine disorder determined by some depressed symptoms. Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) is a medicinal plant which has been traditionally used for treatment of a wide range of decreased functions of different organs. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of U. dioica on thyroid hormones in propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including control, PTU, different doses of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract (UDHAE) treated and levothyroxine treated groups. The animals in various groups received water (control group) or water containing 0.1% W/V PTU and then injected saline (control group) or 25, 50, 100, 150 mg/kg UDHAE, respectively for 4 weeks. Positive control group was fed levothyroxine 0.5 mg/kg during the PTU treatment. Then, the blood samples were collected and the levels of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measured via the Elisa method. Results: The data showed that PTU decreased the blood level of thyroid hormones but increased TSH, significantly. The 50 or 100 mg/kg doses of UDHAE remarkably increased the blood level of T 3 and FT 3 . The 50 mg/kg doses of UDHAE increased the blood level of T 4 . None of the UDHAE doses showed significant change in the TSH levels. 25 and 150 mg/kg doses of UDHAE did not change the PTU-diminished level of thyroid related hormones. Conclusion: The findings suggest that 50 mg/kg dose of UDHAE has stimulatory effect on thyroid gland function and raises plasma T 3 & T 4 & FT 3 levels. UDHAE at the dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg could enhance blood level of T 3 and FT 3 perhaps by increase in T 4 to T 3 transformation. Higher doses of UDHAE could not increase the level of these hormones probably due to the presence of inhibitory materials.
Background:Allium genus with 750 species is the most diverse genus in the Amaryllidaceae family. Historically, Allium species have been used as medicinal plants, especially for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and considered as valuable sources of phytonutrients. Phytochemical investigation of Allium tripedale, locally called “Anashq,” which is an edible plant of the “Zagros” region (west of Iran) was conducted in the present study.Materials and Methods:Air-dried bulbs of the plant were extracted in a four-step extraction method with increasing polarity using hexane, chloroform, chloroform–methanol (9:1), and methanol. Chloroform-methanol (9:1) extract was fractionated by medium-pressure liquid chromatography on a RP-18 column using a linear gradient solvent system of H2O to MeOH. Phenolic-rich fractions were subjected to the final isolation and purification of the constituents by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. Structure elucidation of the compounds was performed through comprehensive methods including 1D-and 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopy.Results:Two cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated from the bulbs of A. tripedale; using spectroscopic methods, their chemical structures were determined as 6,7-dimethoxy N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (1) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (2).Conclusion:Cinnamic acid derivatives are pharmacologically active phenolic compounds, which have been isolated from different Allium species. Isolation of these compounds from A. tripedale is reported for the first time in this study and could be used as a chemical basis for explanation of the plant biological and pharmacological activities.
Cognitive decline induced by oxidative brain damage is the critical pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that individual administration of Boswellia serrata Roxb (BS), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) and Ginkgo biloba L. (GB) extracts improved memory and learning through a different mechanism of actions. This study aims to compare the individual effects of each extract with their co-administration on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice. Memory dysfunction was induced by a single dose of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p) and extracts were administered intraperitoneally in different doses for one week. Memory performance of the mice was evaluated using the object recognition task (ORT) and passive avoidance test (PAT). The outcomes from ORT demonstrated that, ZO and GB extracts at 200 mg/kg and BS extract just in combination group significantly enhanced (by 95%) the memory loss induced by scopolamine (P < 0.05). On the other hand, PAT results revealed that BS extract at 60 and 90 mg/kg, ZO and GB extracts at 200 mg/kg and their combinations noticeably improved the latency time (by 80%). Although in PAT, co-administration of extracts was more effective than either alone doses in augmenting of the memory function, ORT results showed no considerable differences.
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