In this manuscript, integral method was used for the approximation of residual stresses field in fiber-metal laminates (FMLs). Initially, calibration coefficients matrix for the integral method were determined numerically by the finite element program using ANSYS software. The calibration coefficients were used to relate the measured strains relaxation field with the existing residual stresses prior to the IHD process. Subsequently, FML specimens with symmetric stacking sequence of were manufactured. Next, the IHD experiment by high speed drilling machine were performed and released strains caused by the change in hole-geometry have been obtained. Finally, experimental results from IHD experiment were compared with the theoretical predictions from classical lamination theory. Very good agreements with the experimental and theoretical results show that, the IHD technique can be successfully applied for measuring residual stresses in FML composites.
This paper reported on an investigation to determine the spring and damper settings that ensured optimal ride comfort of vehicle in different speeds using design of experiment method (DOE). The extent to which the ride comfort optimal suspension settings vary for roads of different roughness and varying speeds and the levels of ride comfort that can be achieved, were addressed. Optimization was performed with the DOE method on a 7 DOF modeled in MATLAB software for speeds ranging from 60 to 90 km/h. Results indicated that optimization of suspension settings using the road and specified range of speed also improved the ride comfort on the same road at the different speeds. These settings also improved ride comfort for other roads at the optimization speed and other speeds, although not as much as when optimization has been done for the particular road. For improved ride comfort, damping generally has to be lower than the standard (compromised) setting, the rear spring as soft as possible and the front spring ranging from as soft as possible to stiffer depending on road and speed conditions. Ride comfort was most sensitive to a change in rear spring stiffness.
This study analyses the two-dimensional thermo-elastic response of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical pressure vessels, by applying the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The effective properties of FG-CNTRC cylindrical pressure vessels are computed for different patterns of reinforcement, according to the rule of mixture. The governing equations of the problem are derived from the principle of virtual works and are solved as a classical eigenproblem under the assumption of clamped supported boundary conditions. A large parametric investigation aims at showing the influence of some meaningful parameters on the thermo-elastic response, such as the type of pattern, the volume fraction of CNTs, and the Pasternak coefficients related to the elastic foundation.
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