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Background: The increasing use of social media and mobile health applications has generated new opportunities for health care consumers to share information about their health and wellbeing. Information shared through social media contains not only medical information but also valuable information about how the survivors manage disease and recovery in the context of daily life. Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore methods for analyzing forum posts and other social media. Breast cancer patient support fora were selected to discover the hidden less obvious aspects of disease management and recovery.

Low Level Light irradiation (LLLI) may proliferate cell growth at certain conditions during a set of photochemical reactions called biostimulation. However, phototoxic inhibitory reactions after irradiating natural or artificially inoculated cells are possible. The purpose of this study was to determine these effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Ar ion laser at 514 nm was used to determine the effect of various energy densities of green light on these bacteria. The most effective energy densities of Ar ion laser were chosen to irradiate both bacteria with He-Ne (633 nm) and SHG Nd:YAG (532 nm) lasers to compare the effect of red and green lights on the growth. Irradiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for both He-Ne and SHG Nd:YAG lasers in the presence of toluidine blue O or safranine O as photosensitizers was also studied. All energy densities of Ar ion laser showed a proliferative effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, SHG Nd:YAG and He-Ne lasers with chosen energy densities were again proliferating for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibitory for Staphylococcus aureus and SHG Nd:YAG was more effective than He-Ne in both cases. Irradiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of both photosensitizers led to the decrease of the cell population compared to the control.

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In recent years, dairy farmers in semi-arid regions have shifted from maize (Zea mays L.) as their primary source of feed to drought-tolerant crops, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), due to lack of water for irrigation. However, millet alone may not provide feed of sufficient quality and crude protein content for dairy cows. A field experiment was conducted in 2 years to evaluate (i) whether intercropping millet with a relatively drought-tolerant soya bean cultivar (Glycine max Merr, cv. Williams) could improve silage quality with minimum yield penalty, and (ii) if the application of molasses could further enhance the nutritive value of silage of millet-soya bean intercrops. There were three intercropping ratios (60% millet with 40% soya bean, 50% millet with 50% soya bean, 40% millet with 60% soya bean) and monocultures of millet and soya bean. Mixed forages were treated with three levels of molasses: M 0 (without molasses), M 1 , and M 2 (2Á5 and 5% fresh matter respectively). Inclusion of soya bean in millet crops resulted in decreased silage yield compared with millet alone. The highest yield was obtained from the ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean. Molassestreated silage had higher lactic acid, lower pH, and lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Silage produced from millet-soya bean intercrops exhibited enhanced fermentation, indicated by lower pH (3Á64) and higher lactic acid (16Á63 g kg À1 DM) than silage from monocultures. Intercropping ratios had lower water-soluble carbohydrate, ADF and NDF than millet monoculture. Overall, an intercropping ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean was advantageous over other ratios in terms of higher yield, nutritive value and economic value.

Shortage of irrigation water in arid and semi-arid regions has forced forage producers to look for drought-tolerant species for silage production. To evaluate silage yield and nutritive value of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] intercrops as influenced by intercropping ratios and N rates, a 2-yr field experiment was conducted using split-plot lay out on a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Main plots consisted of 0, 37, and 74 kg N ha -1 (N 0 , N 37 , and N 74 , respectively) and intercropping ratios of millet and soybean (50%M:50%S; 60%M:40%S; and 40%M:60%S) along with monocultures were assigned to subplots. Increasing N resulted in 9.9 and 17.6% silage yield increase at N 37 and N 74 levels compared with N 0 . Nitrogen also increased organic acids and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) content. Silage pH was lower (4.23) where no fertilizer was applied compared with the fertilized plants (4.33). The highest crude protein (CP) content (170 g kg -1 dry matter [DM]) and dry mass (248 g DM kg -1 fresh weight) was at the N 74. Silage produced by the millet-soybean mixtures was well fermented indicated by low pH and high lactic acid. Also, intercropping ratios had less acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than monocultures. Although all of the intercropping ratios had characteristics of well-fermented silage, a mixture of 60% millet and 40% soybean could be superior because of higher silage yield and CP. ¶ Means of intercropping ratios in the same column followed by different letters differ significantly at P = 0.05 by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. # M and S represent millet and soybean, respectively. (I) and (II) represent one and two rows of each plant species at 50:50 ratio, respectively. † † Level of significance. * Significant at P ≤ 0.05. ** Significant at P ≤ 0.01.† Polynomial regression. ‡ Quadratic (Q) and linear (L) regression. § Means of intercropping ratios in the same column followed by different letters differ significantly at P = 0.05 by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. ¶ M and S represent millet and soybean, respectively. (I) and (II) represent one and two rows of each plant species at 50:50 ratio, respectively. # Level of significance. † † ns, not significant.

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Influenza is a viral respiratory pathogen responsible for frequent seasonal epidemics. There are currently three major human influenza viruses in global circulation namely A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B. The objective of this study was to determine the human influenza virus genotypes in Shiraz, the capital of the Fars province of Iran. Three hundred patients suspected with human influenza virus infection were enrolled in this survey (2004-2005). The throat samples were cultured and titrated by hemagglutination (HA) assay. Typing and subtyping were performed by an in-house developed multiplex RT-PCR. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis was carried out for HA gene. A total of 24 samples were found to be positive for human influenza virus infection, 17 H1N1 and 7 H3N2. These results were in agreement with the HI assay. The phylogenetic analysis results revealed that the Iranian H1N1 isolated were close to the A/New Caledonia/20/99 vaccine strain genetically and the Iranian H3N2 isolates were also related closely to the Fujian/411/021 and California/7/2004 vaccine strains. However, a slight genetic drift was found in these isolates. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that both influenza A subtypes A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 were dominant among Iranian patients in Shiraz during the 2004/5 winter season.