Objective:Periodontitis is one of the main diseases in the oral cavity that causes tooth loss. The host immune response and inflammatory factors have important role in periodontal tissue. The current study was done with the objective to determine the effect of scaling and root planning on the salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α).Methods:In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, 29 patients with chronic periodontitis and 29 healthy subjects without periodontitis were studied. Clinical examination findings and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α (using ELISA method) were compared before and after scaling, root planning.Results:Before starting treatment, salivary TNF-α and IL-1α concentrations were higher in healthy control group than in periodontitis group (P< 0.05). Non-surgical treatment increased the concentration of these two biomarkers in the saliva. However, increase in IL-1α concentration was not statistically significant (P= 0.056). There was a negative relationship between TNF-α and IL-1α levels with pocket depth and attachment loss (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Scaling and root planning improved periodontal disease indices and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α levels.

Objective This study examined the perception of dental pain and its relationship to pain anxiety, dental anxiety, and mental pain. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 328 patients referred to dental clinics in Kermanshah (Iran) from 2020 to 2021. The instruments used in this study included questionnaires about Pain Anxiety, Dental Anxiety, Mental Pain, and Pain Perception. Results There was a significant positive relationship( p = .001) between pain perception with dental anxiety (r = .38), pain anxiety (r = .45), and mental pain (r = .25). Conclusion Psychological factors are associated with the perception of dental pain. Given the importance of dental care to overall health, psychological interventions may help to reduce the perception of dental pain and the fear of seeing the dentist in Iran.

Background: dental pain is one of the most common complaints related to dentistry services. Studies indicate that in addition to the damage to the nerves of teeth, psychological factors affect the perception of pain. This study aims to investigate the psychological factors which influence precepting tooth pain. Moreover, another purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of some services such as tooth restoration and a root canal on the psychological variables. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study by convenience sampling method. The participants were 328 patients who consulted the dentistry clinics in Kermanshah city in 2020-20201. The used instruments for this study were the Questionnaires of Pain Anxiety (PASS-20), Dental Anxiety (DAI), Mental Pain (OMMP), and Pain Perception (SF-MPQ-2). Finally, the data after being collected were entered into SPSS version 24 and were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, precepting pain had a significant relationship (P=.001) with dental anxiety (r=0.38), pain anxiety (r=0.45), and mental pain (r=0.25). Based on the results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis (Enter), dental anxiety variables (β =.266), pain anxiety (β =.356), and mental pain (β =.139) were the significant predictors of precepting pain (P<0.05). Moreover, in terms of dental anxiety, there was a significant difference between the patients who consult dentistry clinics for root canal services and those whose purposes were receiving other services (P<.001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that psychological factors such as dental anxiety, pain anxiety, and mental pain affect precepting dental pain. Further, the kind of received services influences the psychological factors related to dentistry services.