Background and aims The survey aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rate among patients with diabetes and address barriers and beliefs that affect acceptance to take COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A quantitative research approach with cross-sectional design was used to collect data from March–May’2021. Saudi residents with diabetes, aged ≥18 years were included. Results Of the total 709 participants, 42.2% had family member with COVID-19, 14.7% had COVID-19, 34.0% had been with someone who had COVID-19. 34.7% of participants taken COVID-19 vaccination, 36.2% were willing to take, while 79.0% supported COVID-19 vaccine. Main reasons behind uncertainties towards vaccinations were relatively fast production, not many trials done and about genetic component. 44.6% got information about COVID-19 and vaccination through television, social media, and ministry website. On adjusting models, female gender, longer duration of diabetes and no history of influenza vaccine significantly associated with COVID vaccine uptake. Conclusion Participants are willing to vaccinate but show some fear and misinformation. It is imperative that due efforts are made for increasing vaccine willingness, and availability of precise information holds key to success. Otherwise, state will have to continue to funnel in resources towards post-on-set disease management, consuming a lot more resources than preventive measures like vaccination.

Aim:The study aimed to measure the prevalence and risk factors of Anxiety among Female Governmental Secondary schools students, in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in Al-Madinah city in 2014. Only Female secondary school students were included for study. Multistage sampling technique was used for student's inclusion. The researcher used a self-administered questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and anxiety questionnaire developed by AL-Taif Mental Health sector. 10 students were given this questionnaire as a pilot study. All data has been entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The present study indicates the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety among female governmental secondary school students of Al-Madinah city. Overall 64.6% of students showed symptoms of anxiety. High morbid anxiety was reported among 25.5% of secondary school girls whereas high not morbid anxiety was reported among 39.1% of them. Association between students believing that school`s examinations increase anxiety symptoms and anxiety was observed. Students who did not believe that anxiety symptoms increase by school`s examinations reported higher rate of high morbid anxiety compared to those who believe that anxiety symptoms increase by school`s examinations (56% versus 23.4%). The present study did not reveal significant association between anxiety and socio-demographic characteristics of the school girls. Conclusion: The present study indicates anxiety is prevalent among secondary school girls as almost one-fourth of them reported high morbid anxiety and more than one third reported high but not morbid anxiety. Socio-demographic characteristics of the school girls were not significantly associated with anxiety.

ObjectiveTo assess the demographic, clinical, and survival profile of people living with HIV.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients enrolled at a single antiretroviral therapy center in North Karnataka. A total of 11,099 were recruited from April 2007 to January 2020, out of which 3,676 were excluded and the final 7,423 entries were subjected to analysis. The outcome of interest was the time to death in months of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The clinical and demographic characteristics were examined as potential risk factors for survival analysis. To investigate the factors that influence the mortality of patients using ART, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed. Hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values were presented to show the significance. The log-rank test was used to determine the significance of the Kaplan–Meier survival curve.ResultsOut of 7,423 HIV-positive people, majority were female (51.4%), heterosexual typology (89.2%), and in the age group 31–45 years (45.5%). The risk of death in male patients was 1.24 times higher (95% CI: 1.14–1.35) than female patients. Patients with age >45 were 1.67 times more likely to die than patients ≤30 (95% CI: 1.50–1.91). In the multivariable analysis, the hazards of mortality increased by 3.11 times (95% CI: 2.09–2.79) in patients with baseline CD4 count ≤50 as compared to those who had baseline CD4 count >200. The risk of death in patients who were diagnosed with TB was 1.30 times more (95% CI: 1.19–1.42) than in those who did not have TB. The survival probabilities at 3 and 90 months were more in female patients (93%, 70%) compared with male patients (89, 54%), respectively.ConclusionThis study proved that age, sex, baseline CD4 count, and tuberculosis (TB) status act as risk factors for mortality among people with HIV. Prevention strategies, control measures, and program planning should be done based on the sociodemographic determinants of mortality.

Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) on mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the tertiary care center. A total of 161 patients were evaluated of which the test group consisted of 79 and the control group of 82. In the test group the patients had been administered with diluted 250 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride along with co-formulated casirivimab (600 mg) and imdevimab (600 mg) solution intravenously and in the control group the patients were administered standard coronavirus disease 2019 treatment protocol. The monitoring of patients in both groups was done at least 1 h after drug infusion in the designated room. Post-treatment designed interviews were taken to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. This retrospective analysis discovered a significant association of symptoms with the group at 48 h for injected and non-injected patients and 1 mo from the chi-square test after injecting monoclonal antibodies. There is no significant association of symptoms with the groups at 3 mo. A significant difference in the symptom distribution through different time points in the injected group and not injected group was observed. From the pairwise McNemar's test, a significant difference in the symptoms between each time in 48 h, the difference was p=0.0075 and after 1 mo, p<0.001 points in both groups. The combination of casirivimab and imdevimab could be considered a treatment of choice for vaccinated, non-vaccinated and mild to highrisk coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Background: There is a huge burden of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, and diabetes is one of the leading chronic nutrition-related diseases affecting more than 500 million people globally. Collecting information regarding the awareness of dietary and nutrition knowledge among diabetic patients is the first step to developing a disease prevention program. Thus, this study primarily aims at assessing the dietary awareness of diabetes patients attending the diabetic centre in Madinah governorate, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was started in November 2020 and ended in October 2021. The study participants (315) were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending a diabetic centre in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A self-prepared dietary knowledge questionnaire (DKQ) was used in this research. The variables include balanced diet, food type, food choice, carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Knowledge score was, and the total score was leveled/categorized into ‘good’, ‘average’, and ‘poor’. Data were analyzed by SPSS v.26. Results: The study results identified the current knowledge of T2DM patients about different dietary items. The knowledge score of 62.2% of participants showed an average level of dietary knowledge, which is statistically significant. When we separately evaluated their understanding of different dietary components, we found that T2DM patients had poor knowledge of carbohydrates (30.15%), fat, food choices (47.7%), and type (34.6%). However, they had acceptable knowledge of proteins (56.5%). Conclusion: Our participants exhibited acceptable knowledge about proteins but poorer knowledge of other food groups. A healthy, well-balanced diet is essential for excellent glycaemic control. It is recommended to educate and arrange a health education program regarding dietary knowledge, specially designed for diabetic patients so that patients can opt for a healthier lifestyle.