The longitudinal structure of air-shower discs has been studied by measuring the arrival-time distribution of electrons in air showers with sizes lo5.' to at distances less than 75 m from the core, in the Akeno air-shower array (900 m above sea level). The average Tlw0, the time between arrival of 10% and 80% of the integrated full signal, which corresponds to the thickness of the air-shower disc, is found to increase with core distance from about 2 ns at less than 10 m to 13 ns at 70 m. Any dependence on shower size, age parameter or zenith angle cannot be seen at the small core distance observed. An empirical formula for the arrival-time distribution as a function of core distances is given.
This paper describes a new elevator system applied for Intermediate-Floors Base Seismic Isolation Buildings, to replace the existing system with the ultimate aim to reduce the installation and construction costs. Features of the new elevator system such as high tensioned steel guide rail, new entrance structure, new type of guide rail reinforcements called rail backing and new control systems are introduced in the paper. Details of a new design method to determine the stiffness and the length of the rail backing is also listed.
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