To predict future coastal hazards, it is important to quantify any links between climate drivers and spatial patterns of coastal change. However, most studies of future coastal vulnerability do not account for the dynamic components of coastal water levels during storms, notably wave-driven processes, storm surges and seasonal water level anomalies, although these components can add metres to water levels during extreme events. Here we synthesize multi-decadal, co-located data assimilated between 1979 and 2012 that describe wave climate, local water levels and coastal change for 48 beaches throughout the Pacific Ocean basin. We find that observed coastal erosion across the Pacific varies most closely with El Niño/Southern Oscillation, with a smaller influence from the Southern Annular Mode and the Pacific North American pattern. In the northern and southern Pacific Ocean, regional wave and water level anomalies are significantly correlated to a suite of climate indices, particularly during boreal winter; conditions in the northeast Pacific Ocean are often opposite to those in the western and southern Pacific. We conclude that, if projections for an increasing frequency of extreme El Niño and La Niña events over the twenty-first century are confirmed, then populated regions on opposite sides of the Pacific Ocean basin could be alternately exposed to extreme coastal erosion and flooding, independent of sea-level rise

[1] The interannual shoreline variation during a 22-year period from 1987 to 2008 at the Hasaki coast located in eastern Japan was found to be induced by the fluctuation of the deep water wave energy flux using an empirical shoreline prediction model. The correlation coefficients between the deep water wave energy flux and climate indices showed that the wave energy flux has a positive correlation with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index during the period from January to April, and negative correlations with the Nino-West Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) during the period from September to December. The shoreline prediction model using the correlations between the wave energy flux and climate indices indicated that the large-scale variations in climate represented by the AO index, the SOI, and the Nino-West SST anomaly accounted for 45% of the interannual shoreline variation. Citation: Kuriyama, Y., M. Banno, and T. Suzuki (2012), Linkages among interannual variations of shoreline, wave and climate at Hasaki, Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06604,

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Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) preserves the life of heart failure patients by providing an adequate oxygen supply and blood flow to vital organs. For patients with severe cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocardial infarction or acute myocarditis, V-A ECMO is commonly used as the first choice among cardiac circulatory support devices. While V-A ECMO generates circulatory flow using a centrifugal pump, the provision of pulsatile flow is difficult. We previously reported our development of a new circulatory flow assist device (K-beat) for cardiac management with pulsatile flow. To obtain more efficient pulsatile assist flow (diastolic augmentation), an electrocardiogram (ECG)-analyzing device that can detect R waves and T waves increases the assist flow selectively in the diastole phase by controlling (opening and closing) the magnetic valve of the tamper. Here, we describe the first use of the K-beat on a large animal in combination with a clinical device. In addition, the diastolic augmentation effect of the K-beat as a circulatory flow assist device was examined in a pig V-A ECMO model. The K-beat was stopped every 60 min for a period of a few minutes, and blood pressure waveforms in the pulsatile and non-pulsatile phases were checked. This experiment showed that stable V-A ECMO could be achieved and that hemodynamics were managed in all animals. The pulsatile flow was provided in synchrony with the ECG in all cases. A diastolic augmentation waveform of femoral arterial pressure was confirmed in the pulsatile phase. K-beat could be useful in patients with severe heart failure.

Long-term beach observation data for several decades are essential to validate beach morphodynamic models that are used to predict coastal responses to sea-level rise and wave climate changes. At the Hasaki coast, Japan, the beach profile has been measured for 34 years at a daily to weekly time interval. This beach morphological dataset is one of the longest and most high-frequency measurements of the beach morphological change worldwide. The profile data, with more than 6800 records, reflect short- to long-term beach morphological change, showing coastal dune development, foreshore morphological change and longshore bar movement. We investigated the temporal beach variability from the decadal and monthly variations in elevation. Extremely high waves and tidal anomalies from an extratropical cyclone caused a significant change in the long-term bar behavior and foreshore slope. The berm and bar variability were also affected by seasonal wave and water level variations. The variabilities identified here from the long-term observations contribute to our understanding of various coastal phenomena.

The effect of benthic filtering by the upogebiid shrimp Austinogebia narutensis on the abundance of primary producers in the water column was investigated on a wave‐dominated nearshore zone in central Japan facing the Pacific Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration in the bottom layer of the water column decreased significantly with increasing population density of A. narutensis, suggesting that shrimp feeding reduces the abundance of phototrophic microorganisms in the bottom layer. Because the upogebiid shrimp commonly occur in the nearshore zone of sandy beaches, similar effects of their benthic filtering as reported in this study can be expected in areas where the shrimp is as densely present.