As for the estimation of the weight and size of human internal organs many datas have already been published in Japan as well as in other foreign countries. The majority of them were based on the materials of pathological cases, and only a few were based on the materials of sudden deaths. Approximately 1800 autopsy cases are handled by the Medical Examiner Office of Tokyo-to yearly. Using these materials, we intended to determine the normal value of the weight and size of the internal organs of the Japanese. For this purpose, cases with little or no pathological changed were selected. The materials used for this statistical study are as follows: cyanide poisoning 473 cases, other poisonings 60 (cases with relative long clinical course were excluded), asphyxia 329 (most of them were newborn or sucklings), accident 312 (mostly traffic accident, deaths caused by hemorrhage were excluded), electric shock 27, death by shock and others 9, a total of 1250 cases. The organs were weighed and measured during autopsy. The results obtained are as follows. TABLE I Absolute weight of internal organs
Since the medical examiner system has been established in Tokyo in 1948, 48,893 cases were examined and 18,515 cases out of 46,893 were autopsied during thc past 11 years (1948-1958) at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office. Among the autopsies about 60% of the cases were determined as sudden and unexpected natural death and the remaining were determined as unnatural death (suicide, accident, etc.). As shown in Table I, the lesions causing sudden and unexpected natural death were encountered most frequently in the cardiac and vascular system according to Koshinaga's statistics") on 3,800 adults autopsied during the past 5 years (1952)(1953)(1954)(1955)(1956) at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office, and the frequency of each organ system in which the lesions caused acute death was nearly identical with that of New York.The authorc2-*) has been carrying out a pathological investigation on cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysms of the aorta and diseases of the heart, especially on the "cardiac death of unknown etiology", and the outline of the obtained results are presented here.During the past 10-year-period, 609 cases of spontaneous cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage consisting of 446 males and 163 females, and 445 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage consisting of 215 males and 230 females, were auto-Cerebral Hemorrhage and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
The major and minute aneurysms of the cerebral arteries were investigated by means of morphological and statistical examination methods in a series consisting of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 28 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, and 54 cases of other diseases. It was found that the VP of Rotter et al. first develops at the proximal part of the arterial fork and its distal part distends secondarily to the VP‐formation resulting in the formation of a minute aneurysm. Thereafter with the lapse of age, the minute aneurysm becomes increased in size in addition to arteriosclerotic changes and the saccular or so‐called congenital aneurysm is formed. During this process congenital or acquired factors promoting the aneurysm‐formation are also superimposed corporately with each other. As local factors circle anomalies of Willis, thinness and development of VP of cerebral arteries, retrograde or complicated branching, widening of the fork angle at bifurcation, etc. and as bodily systemic factor hypertension with aging process are mentioned, and some of them may also act favorably for the development of VP. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 139–160, 1968.
The authors have investigated the aging changes of the human AV node, AV bundle, and bundle branches considering the influences of various disorders of individuals upon these conduction tissues. These conduction tissues began to develop gradually from the infant stage and the development was completed by young adult stage. Aging changes of the conduction tissues were fat infiltration, fibrosis and elastosis, disappearance of muscle fiber, and general atrophy of the conduction tissues. They were thought to occur not only by aging but also by the influences of various disorders particularly of longstanding chronic diseases. Changes of the conduction tissues seem to be related with thickening and luminal narrowing of the AV nodal artery and superior ventricular septal arteries. Marked elastosis or atrophy was noted in the cases suffering from some long‐standing disorder regardless of the sort of disorders. In the cases which were diagnosed as complete heart block clinically, destruction of the conduction tissues was extremely severe including those of the SA node.
The authors present four cases of neonatal giant cell hepatitis who died suddenly and unexpectedly from intracranial hemorrhage, autopsied recently at the Tokyo‐to Medical Examiner Office. This series consisted of one male and 3 female infants ranging from 37 to 52 days of age. The cause of death of all cases was thought to be massive intracranial hemorrhage. Referring to the connection between intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal giant cell hepatitis, it was assumed that the former must have occurred due to the hemorrhagic tendencies of the latter, superimposing to the hemorrhage at birth trauma of the head. As to the formation of multinucleated giant cell, it is considered to be of degenerative nature of hepatocytes, i.e. the giant cell is formed by fusion of hepatocytes as a result of the disappearance of bile canaliculi, although the etiology of this hepatitis is still unknown.
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