Recently, decellularized tissue has been reported to have the potential to regenerate a variety of tissues. However, the optimal protocol for a decellularized esophagus has not been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of different decellularization protocols on the histology and biocompatibility of decellularized esophagi in view of future applications to tissue engineering. The esophageal mucosal epithelium (EP) from 4-week-old Wistar rats was enzymatically dissociated and cultured with growth-arrested feeder cells. Two methods for decellularization using deoxycholic acid (DEOX) or Triton X-100 (TRITON) were compared on esophagi from adult Wistar rats. Those treated with DEOX showed superior mechanical properties, maintenance of extracellular matrix, and lower DNA content than those treated with TRITON. To evaluate the biocompatibility of the scaffold, cultured (passage 3) esophageal epithelial cells were seeded inside the decellularized esophagus and cultured for 7 days. The cells seeded onto the decellularized esophagus were examined histologically and immunocytochemically. Esophageal epithelial cells were stratified into three to four cellular layers in vitro inside the decellularized esophagus, to show polarity. The results from immunocytochemistry indicated that the seeded epithelial cells expressed characteristic marker proteins for native esophageal EP. Decellularized esophagus showed suitable compatibility as a scaffold material for esophageal tissue engineering.
In December 1998, a 56-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital exhibiting epigastralgia. The patient had been found to have asymptomatic proteinuria at an annual medical check-up and had complained of a dry mouth for several years, but did not visit a physician. He had no history of habitual alcohol consumption and no family history of pancreatic, renal or collagen diseases. On admission, physical examination was normal except for slight tenderness in the epigastrium. Enlarged superficial lymph nodes, ascites and peripheral edema were not detected. His laboratory data showed the following abnormalities: hemoglobin, 9.9 g/dL (normal 13-17 g/dL); lipase, 464 U/L (normal 8-49 U/L); serum amylase (Amy), 942 IU/L (normal 45-145 IU/L); serum creatinine (Cr), 3.5 mg/dL (normal 0.6-1.0 mg/dL); proteinuria and microhematuria (Table 1). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) (Fig. 1a) and ultrasonography (US) demonstrated a diffusely enlarged pancreas without localized pancreatic mass or para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Neither calcification nor cysts were detected in the pancreas. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct with an irregular wall and an extrinsic compressive stenosis of the inferior common bile duct (Fig. 1b). The epigastralgia responded to 200 mg/day of Digestive Endoscopy (2001) 13, 94-98We recently encountered a 56-year-old Japanese man with pancreatitis who had hyperglobulinemia, was autoantibodypositive and responded to steroid therapy. The patient had been found to have asymptomatic proteinuria at an annual medical check-up and had experienced a dry mouth for several years. He was diagnosed as having Sjögren's syndrome indicated by the dry mouth and positive findings from a lip biopsy and a Schirmer's test. Tubulointerstitial nephritis, causing proteinuria, was verified by percutaneous renal biopsy. Antinuclear antibody was positive at the 1 : 160 titer. Serum g-globulin and IgG values were markedly increased, whereas complement components C3 and C4 were lowered. Abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography demonstrated a diffusely enlarged pancreas without localized pancreatic mass or para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Neither calcification nor cysts were detected in the pancreas. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct with an irregular wall. Wedged biopsy specimens of the pancreas by an exploration of the abdomen showed prominent lymphocytic infiltrates including some plasmacytes, as well as decreased exocrine parenchyma and inter-and intralobular fibrosis. These findings suggested a diagnosis of autoimmune-related pancreatitis. Steroid therapy was carried out with a marked improvement of his clinical symptoms and laboratory data.
From the physical inspection with 263 residents of Hachijo Island, it would be concluded that the incident ratio of Anemia,Hyperkeratosis,GaltTenderness,Angular Stomatitis,Edema was almost the same as that obtained with the other districts of Tokyo, while some showed abnormal rate of pulses.It was also observed that minimum blood pressure was lower than that of normal one and the incidence of missed and decayed teeth was abnormally high.
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