Our results show the impact of the O-C2 angle on the oropharyngeal space. This knowledge will be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of the upper cervical lesion combined with the upper airway stenosis, and for the determination of the optimal fixation angle in occipitocervical fusion.

SUMMARY Fifty right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken from patients withKawasaki disease were studied. These were taken from 33 male and 17 female patients.Biopsies were examined for inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, myocardial fibre disarrangement, and the cellular and nuclear changes of hypertrophy.

Background Torsion of the greater omentum is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain in adults and children. It is very difficult to make a correct diagnosis of torsion clinically because it mimics other acute pathologies; however, the preoperative diagnosis can be easily confirmed with the use of computed tomography (CT). Herein, we report a case of laparoscopic omentectomy for primary torsion of the omentum, which was not improved by conservative treatment. Case presentation A 50-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain of a few hours’ duration. Routine blood tests showed a white blood cell count of 8900/mm 3 , and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was 8.13 mg/dl. Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed twisting of the omentum with a local mass of fat density and fluid distributed in a whirling oval-shaped mass pattern at the right flank and iliac fossa. Therefore, the patient was admitted to our hospital based on a diagnosis of omental torsion. The patient was treated with conservative treatment with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and antibiotics. Although his symptoms were ameliorated, his laboratory and radiological findings worsened. We performed laparoscopic omentectomy 6 days after admission. The resected omentum was 24 cm × 22 cm in size and was twisted and dark red in color, suggesting infarction. Histological analysis revealed that the specimen was ischemic and hemorrhagic omentum, accompanied by inflammatory infiltration. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged 9 days later. Conclusion This is a rare case of primary torsion of the greater omentum that was treated successfully with laparoscopic omentectomy. Considering the increase in surgical difficulty due to inflammation from prolonged torsion and the limited efficacy of conservative treatment, we conclude that surgical intervention is warranted as early as possible when torsion of the greater omentum is suspected.

Our results demonstrate that the paraspinal approach for S1PS placement may be superior to the midline approach in terms of the medially oriented screw placement that is biomechanically stronger and less risky for the CIV.

The paraspinal-approach TLIF is a minimally invasive, safe, and secure procedure for treating lumbar foraminal lesions. Direct visualization and decompression for the foraminal lesion, distraction of the collapsed disc space, and stabilization of the unstable segments can be achieved simultaneously through the paraspinal approach, which produces successful clinical and radiological results.

AAI progression and mass enlargement were our primary concerns for this surgical option; however, C1 laminectomy did not cause severe AAI progression, no patients showed serious mass enlargement, and all patients demonstrated neurological improvement. This surgical strategy is beneficial especially for elderly patients given the risks of other surgical options that use an anterior transoral approach or posterior fusion.

Patients with SSI who underwent posterior cervical surgery are likely to retain the implants. Immediate administration of effective antibiotics improves implant survival in SSI treatment. Our findings can be applied to identify SSI patients at higher risk for implant removal.

We have demonstrated that a small preoperative LL increases the risk for failure of the initial surgery. Attaining and maintaining the proper lumbar lordosis with rigid fixation may be necessary in PD patients with a small preoperative LL.