Climate change is resulting in rapid poleward shifts in the geographical distribution of tropical and subtropical fish species. We can expect that such range shifts are likely to be limited by species-specific resource requirements, with temperate rocky reefs potentially lacking a range of settlement substrates or specific dietary components important in structuring the settlement and success of tropical and subtropical fish species. We examined the importance of resource use in structuring the distribution patterns of range shifting tropical and subtropical fishes, comparing this with resident temperate fish species within western Japan (Tosa Bay); the abundance, diversity, size class, functional structure and latitudinal range of reef fishes utilizing both coral reef and adjacent rocky reef habitat were quantified over a 2 year period (2008–2010). This region has undergone rapid poleward expansion of reef-building corals in response to increasing coastal water temperatures, and forms one of the global hotspots for rapid coastal changes. Despite the temperate latitude surveyed (33°N, 133°E) the fish assemblage was both numerically, and in terms of richness, dominated by tropical fishes. Such tropical faunal dominance was apparent within both coral, and rocky reef habitats. The size structure of the assemblage suggested that a relatively large number of tropical species are overwintering within both coral and rocky habitats, with a subset of these species being potentially reproductively active. The relatively high abundance and richness of tropical species with obligate associations with live coral resources (i.e., obligate corallivores) shows that this region holds the most well developed temperate-located tropical fish fauna globally. We argue that future tropicalisation of the fish fauna in western Japan, associated with increasing coral habitat development and reported increasing shifts in coastal water temperatures, may have considerable positive economic impacts to the local tourism industry and bring qualitative changes to both local and regional fisheries resources.
Abstract. We demonstrated severe hyponatremia in a 68 year-old man who had pituitary tumor. He had poor appetite and was disoriented. Tests revealed hyponatremia of 110 mmol/l, and he was admitted to Jichi Medical School Omiya Medical Center to undergo further tests. Physical findings revealed disturbance of consciousness with Japan Coma Scale I-2. There was neither dehydration nor edema. Laboratory data showed a serum sodium level of 112 mmol/l; plasma osmolality, 219 mmol/kg; and urinary osmolality, 555 mmol/kg. Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level was 1.6 pmol/l despite the marked hypoosmolality. Anterior pituitary function was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a pituitary tumor of 20 × 18 × 20 mm in size, which pushed the pituitary stalk upward. After the adenomectomy, serum sodium level was kept normal without any treatment. Histology showed basophilic adenoma. These findings indicate that local pituitary tumor may cause exaggerated secretion of AVP, resulting in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Key words: SIADH, Arginine vasopressin (AVP), Pituitary gland, Hyponatremia(Endocrine Journal 51: [435][436][437][438] 2004) HYPONATREMIA is the hallmark of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) [1], and belongs to the category of euvolemic hyponatremia [2]. Inappropriate secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is classified into two groups: ectopic production of AVP, and release from posterior pituitary gland closely related to disorders of the central nervous system, pulmonary disorders and drug administration [3]. Ectopic AVP-producing tumor is evident if AVP is found in cancer tissue by immunocytochemistry. In contrast, the mechanism of AVP release from the posterior pituitary is not clear in disorders of the central nervous system. There is no evidence for stimulatory factors or afferent pathways to the posterior pituitary. Pituitary tumor can be related to hyponatremia. If so, secondary hypopituitarism, particularly dysfunction of the pituitary-adrenal axis, should exist, and such hyponatremia is independent of SIADH [4,5]. However, there are a few reports that SIADH occurs in patients with pituitary tumor whose pituitary function is normal [6][7][8]. The exaggerated release of AVP could be due to local mechanical stress. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relation of hyponatremia to pituitary tumor, and to elucidate the possible mechanism of non-suppressible release of AVP. Case ReportA 68 year-old man had poor appetite for the last several days, and then gradually became disoriented. Since the symptoms worsened, he visited a physician. Severe hyponatremia of 110 mmol/l was uncovered, and he was admitted to our hospital to undergo further examinations for the pathogenesis of hyponatremia in May 2002. Physical findings were: height, 161 cm; body weight, 60.9 kg; blood pressure, 120/64 mmHg
A 48-year-old woman with a 29-year history of pulseless disease presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a rare ruptured intracranial aneurysm of the right vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The aneurysm was successfully clipped. Pulseless disease is a chronic and nonspecific vasculitis involving mainly the aorta and its main branches such as the carotid, subclavian, vertebral, and coronary arteries. The cervical vessels are mostly affected in Japanese patients. Almost all patients have ischemic disorders of the involved vessels, manifesting as syncope, visual disturbance, or a faint or absent pulse. The mechanisms responsible for pulseless disease and intracranial aneurysms are likely to be different.
A 28-year-old man presented with monostotic fronto-orbital fibrous dysplasia associated with convulsions. Signs of meningeal irritation were observed. Computed tomography (CT) showed right frontal sinusitis, and destruction from the inner to outer table with expansion of the diploic space. T 1 -and T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed an abnormal low-intensity mass, with heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement. Although the meningitis resolved, signs of infection continued for 2 months due to sinusitis. Treatment of the right frontal sinusitis was undertaken, accompanied by open biopsy. The histological diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. Once the infection had completely resolved, orbitofrontal reconstruction was undertaken. Cranioplasty was carried out using cranial bone cement. Three-dimensional CT was valuable to show the likely postoperative result.
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